The frequent emergence of antibiotic resistance challenges modern medicine. It is very important to discuss the evolution of resistance to curb its global spread. The evolution of resistance involves a highly complex phenotypic heterogeneous response. Under the treatment of antibiotics, a small number of antibiotic-tolerant cell subsets will appear in the microbial flora with identical genes. The surviving subgroup can’t grow in the presence of antibiotics, but it can grow again after removing antibiotics, resulting in long-term recurrent infection, which is also the key reservoir for subsequent mutation of resistance genes. However, due to the complex heterogeneous response and stagnant growth of tolerance subgroups, it is still a challenge to identify tolerance subgroups from a large number of bacterial populations and track their physiological evolution trajectory.　
　　Recently, the team of Academician Zhu Yongguan from the Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Cui Li’s research group published in German Applied Chemistry. A research paper entitled an isotope-labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy approach for tracking the physiological evolution of bacteria towards biological resistance was published. In this study, the heterogeneity of bacterial response was analyzed in situ at a high-precision level by developing a combination of single-cell Raman-deuterium isotope-multivariate statistical analysis, and the differentiation and dynamic changes of phenotypic subsets were sensitively identified from a large number of bacterial populations, which realized the rapid in-situ tracking of bacterial phenotypic physiological trajectory before resistance mutation, providing important guidance for curbing resistance evolution.　
　　In this study, bacteria were repeatedly exposed to clinical therapeutic doses of antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance evolved. In this paper, the in-situ activity of bacteria during evolution was detected by Raman spectroscopy of single cells labeled with heavy water in a culture-independent way. The results showed that the activity of bacteria under antibiotic pressure gradually increased with the treatment cycle without resistance mutation, indicating that its phenotypic tolerance gradually improved. Furthermore, the study uses UMAP multivariate statistical algorithm to analyze the single cell Raman fingerprint interval of thousands of bacteria in all evolutionary stages. According to the physiological response of bacterial phenotype indicated by Raman fingerprint, four phenotypic subgroups differentiated with the evolution of resistance were identified from bacterial populations with identical initial genotypes, namely sensitive flora, primary tolerant bacteria, evolution tolerant bacteria and evolution resistant bacteria, and the dynamic changes of the four subgroups with the evolution process were sensitively captured. So far, based on the heterogeneous response of bacteria in situ phenotype revealed by single cell Raman, researchers have drawn a physiological trajectory map of resistance evolution. Genome-wide sequencing of bacteria verified the revealed phenotype interactively, and analyzed the genetic basis of phenotype. Phenotypic differentiation is very important to maintain the survival and evolution of the whole flora. Because phenotypic differentiation is much earlier than resistance mutation, identifying phenotypic differentiation is of great significance for guiding clinical medication and reducing the occurrence of antibiotic tolerance and resistance mutation. In this study, the Raman spectra of four distinct subgroups were used to dig out the Raman marker peaks of tolerance and resistance mutation, which promoted the rapid and accurate identification of different stages of resistance evolution, especially phenotypic tolerance.　
　　The single cell analysis platform can be extended to a wider range of research on the evolution of resistance induced by antibiotics or non-antibiotic chemicals. In the future, the single-cell Raman can be combined with targeted single-cell sorting and multi-omics technology to realize the accurate correlation between tolerance and resistance phenotype and genotype, and promote the further explanation of evolutionary mechanism. The research work is supported by the "0 to 1" original innovation project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the innovative research group project of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Fujian Natural Science Foundation.　
　　Paper link　
　　Tracking the evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance by single cell Raman-isotope labeling-multivariate statistical analysis

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 8th Question: Did you go to the swimming pool without changing your shoes, the bacteria exceeded the standard by 5 times, and the lifeguard deserted? — — Investigation on hidden dangers of safety and hygiene in swimming places

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Yan Zhihong, Li Yuze, Dong Xiaohong and Yang Na.

　　It’s midsummer, and swimming and fitness are very popular. Not long ago, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued the "List of Unqualified Places for Swimming Pool Water Quality Spot Check in Some Cities (First Batch)", which showed that some swimming pools in many cities were not up to standard.

　　National Fitness Day is coming, is there any hidden danger in the swimming pool you choose? What skills can help us choose a safe and hygienic swimming pool? Xinhua news agency reporters launched an investigation for this.

　　Chaos, Dirty and Danger: There are still many "swimming" problems in various places.

　　A few days ago, a suspected chlorine leak occurred in a swimming pool in Fangshan, Beijing, which caused many people to feel uncomfortable. At the same time, it made people feel palpitation, but it did not stop people from questioning whether the swimming pool around them was safe and hygienic. The reporter conducted field visits and investigations in Nanjing, Chengdu, Xiamen and other places, and found that there are still obvious hidden dangers in many swimming pools.

　　— — "Chaos". During the visit, the reporter found that some swimming venues did not publicize relevant information as required, and some swimming pools did not properly implement the cleaning procedures before entering the pool. In the Yingpaisi Swimming Pool in Gulou District, Nanjing, the reporter found that except for the residual chlorine content and water temperature of the venue, the self-inspection items stipulated in the national health standards such as the pH value and testing time of the swimming pool were not publicized, and other important data directly related to the health of swimmers, such as turbidity, carbon, total bacteria and coliform bacteria, were not announced. The reporter also saw that many visitors crossed the disinfection and sterilization facilities and directly entered the swimming pool. In addition, there are many people who directly wear slippers or even enter the pool without changing their shoes at all.

　　— — "dirty" The total number of bacteria in some swimming places exceeded the standard, causing adverse reactions among minors. "Several dolls in the class vomited and diarrhea after swimming." Many parents told reporters that after their children learned to swim in the miracle gym in Xindu District, Chengdu, they developed symptoms of fever and upper respiratory tract infection. According to the sampling results of local law enforcement departments, the total number of bacteria in the swimming pool water of the museum reached more than five times the upper limit of the standard value.

　　— — "risk" Some swimming pools are not equipped with life-saving personnel, and some lifeguards "desert". In the Yingpaisi Swimming Pool in Nanjing, the reporter found that during the peak hours of passenger flow on the weekend afternoon, there was no lifeguard in the audience for a long time. When some lifeguards are on duty, they often leave their posts or talk and laugh with their backs to the pool for a long time.

　　Excessive profit-seeking, poor management and weak supervision have become the main causes of "swimming"

　　The reporter’s investigation found that excessive profit-seeking, poor management and weak supervision are the main reasons for the safety and health hazards in some swimming venues in many places.

　　Some swimming venues ignore safety and hygiene standards in order to reduce costs. According to the requirements, swimming venues should be cleaned once a month. A coach of Nanjing Yingpaisi Swimming Pool revealed: "Swimming pools in the market are simply difficult to do." He told reporters that it takes two or three days for a small and medium-sized swimming pool to change water, and it takes longer for a large swimming pool. Not to mention the cost of changing water, the time cost is unbearable for commercial swimming pools. Therefore, in order to maximize profits, some swimming pools often try to reduce the frequency of changing water and washing pools.

　　In addition, some swimming pools "hide" in the community, so it is difficult to implement dynamic supervision. Wu Xiang, deputy head of the Environmental Health Supervision Brigade of Chengdu Health and Family Planning Supervision and Law Enforcement Detachment, said that although the facilities and environment of swimming pools (gymnasiums) in some communities are "superior", there are many water quality problems. For example, the residual chlorine value is lower than the national health standard, and the foot soaking pool does not meet the relevant health standards. He said that this swimming pool is usually "hidden in the building" and it is very difficult to implement dynamic supervision.

　　In addition, the rapid increase of passenger flow in summer and the lack of hard constraints on uncivilized swimmers are also the causes of the problem. In the Xiamen Workers’ Sports Swimming Pool, the reporter saw that the current water permeability of the swimming pool was significantly lower than other times. To this end, Chen Hong, deputy director of Xiamen Workers’ Cultural Palace, explained that the current peak season ticket prices are low, and the sudden increase in passenger flow has brought great pressure to management. The museum replaces more than 100 tons of fresh water for the swimming pool every day, but it still can’t eliminate the pressure of maintaining water sanitation. In addition, Chen Hong also said that there is currently a lack of hard constraints on uncivilized behavior in swimming pools. "We can only euphemistically discourage related uncivilized behaviors, and there is nothing else we can do."

　　In addition, the reporter also learned that due to the lack of effective due diligence supervision mechanism for lifeguards, lifeguards "deserted" a lot, which increased the safety risk.

　　Master these tricks and choose a safe and hygienic swimming pool.

　　The staff of relevant authorities in many places reminded that ordinary swimmers who want to choose a safe and hygienic swimming venue for "cool summer" must master certain skills to identify the safety index because of the lack of professional testing equipment.

　　The first is inspection. The majority of swimmers should take the initiative to check whether the health permit is hung in a conspicuous place and check whether it is within the validity period. We should try our best to know the health quantitative grading rating, the history of water quality sampling and the real-time self-inspection of water quality in swimming places in time, and pay special attention to whether the safety equipment and personnel in the venues are in place, so as to choose a suitable swimming place.

　　The second is the view. Observe whether the sanitation around the swimming pool is clean, bright and ventilated, and whether there is water in the drainage ditch. Besides, it depends on the color of the pool water. If the residual chlorine content in the swimming pool is normal and the water quality is excellent, then the pool water is bright light blue. And the water in the pool should be crystal clear to the naked eye.

　　The third is to smell. Is close to the surface of the water to smell the smell of water, if you can smell the faint smell of chlorine, it is qualified, and the medicine is too strong or even choking, then the concentration of available chlorine may exceed the standard.

　　The fourth is feeling. After entering the water, if the water quality of the pool is excellent, it will feel soft. If it feels hard and astringent, or even itchy, the water quality may be poor.

　　At the same time, a number of swimming venue operators have called for the majority of swimmers to consciously swim in a civilized way and jointly safeguard the health and safety of swimming pools. They suggested that the management department should introduce hard restraint measures against uncivilized swimmers who have repeatedly taught, so that civilization can be implemented and the pool can be cleaned.

　　In addition, the reporter learned that swimmers can also check the sanitary condition of the swimming pool around their location through some apps, and can check the water temperature, pH value, average daily water change rate, residual chlorine in the swimming pool and so on.

"Tired, have a rest."

In Chengdu Qingbaijiang Micro-products Liandahai Industrial Park, truck driver Ye Qinghua took advantage of the cargo gap and walked into the 24-hour "rest station". The temperature in the station is suitable, and the facilities and equipment are readily available. Ye Qinghua opened the refrigerator, took out a bottle of frozen mineral water and gulped it down. "It’s very convenient here. The canteen next door also provides meals of 2 meats, 2 vegetarian dishes and 1 soup. You can eat them for free by scanning the code."

Qingbaijiang is the seat of Chengdu International Railway Port, and the trains between China and Europe (Chengdu and Chongqing) are galloping, attracting many modern logistics enterprises to settle down and simultaneously expanding the group of truck drivers. As one of the busiest logistics industrial parks in Chengdu, Dahai ranks first in the city in terms of storage capacity, distribution capacity and truck flow. Every day, thousands of trucks loaded with goods come in and out from here, transporting tens of thousands of tons of goods between Chengdu and other cities.

The "rest station" in Chengdu Qingbaijiang Dahai Industrial Park. Photo courtesy of Dahai Industrial Park

In view of the characteristics of large mobility and scattered aggregation of truck drivers. In 2022, Dahai Industrial Park opened the "Rongouyi Warm Heart House", which provided one-stop services such as parking and maintenance to meet the needs of truck drivers who want to "drink hot water, eat hot meals, take a hot bath and sleep well". Last year, combined with the business model of truck drivers in the park, Dahai Industrial Park launched several "rest stops", with air conditioners, televisions, water dispensers, recliners, books and newspapers, which further upgraded the service model of "Warm Heart Home". According to Li Lianglun, director of Chengdu Dahai Comprehensive Management Department, after the launch of the "rest station", truck drivers use the station service more than a thousand times a month.

The "rest post" has perfect internal functions and facilities. Photo courtesy of Dahai Industrial Park

Since 2021, Sichuan has explored a new path of high-quality development of the industry with "wheel party building", and innovated to create an upgraded version of the driver’s home-the "warm-hearted home" for truck drivers. At present, 26 related points have been built. According to the person in charge of the Sichuan Provincial Department of Transportation, the "Warm Home" is laid out along highways, ordinary national and provincial roads, logistics parks and inland ports in the province. According to the plan, 37 "Warm Home" points will be built in Sichuan before 2025, realizing full coverage of the main freight logistics channels in the province. On the basis of broadening the points, more considerate services are also being launched.

Jintang Service Area of Chengde South Expressway has established the first "warm-hearted home" for truck drivers in the province. In the "warm-hearted home", the laundry and drying area, shower area and kitchen area are well-equipped, providing drivers and passengers with services such as bringing their own bedding to stay at the minimum of one yuan, and the "one meat and two vegetables" box lunch sold in the service area is at the minimum of ten yuan, striving for convenience and practicality.

"This is the warm home of our truck driver."

"The space is clean, the service is good, the bath is very comfortable, and the mood of the sports car is good."

……

On the register of "Warm Heart House", the truck driver expressed his affirmation of this service through a series of real messages.

On this basis, in 2023, the Jintang service area of Chengde South Expressway launched the Warm Heart Health Service Station, which opened up a safe, healthy and green rescue channel to provide health promotion, emergency rescue and safety guarantee to the drivers and passengers in the past service areas.

Warm Heart Health Service Station is equipped with automatic external defibrillator (AED), sphygmomanometer and standing medicine box. Jintang Service Area, in conjunction with county transportation department and health department, has opened a medical green rescue channel nearby and provided a special telephone for green rescue. In case of emergency, the service area staff can contact the local hospital ambulance personnel and quickly link to medical resources, so that the drivers and passengers who are in urgent need of treatment can get the most timely and fastest medical treatment.

Warm heart health service station in Jintang service area of Chengde South Expressway. Photo courtesy of service area

In January of this year, Ms. Wang, a driver and passenger, was sent to the post station by her friends because she was flustered, short of breath and weak. In the post station, the staff gave Ms. Wang a simple care and contacted the hospital through the emergency phone. It took only 14 minutes. The ambulance arrived at the post station and transferred Ms. Wang to the hospital for treatment.

"The service station is committed to rapid discovery, timely treatment and effective treatment of patients, and provides a safe and healthy travel service experience for drivers and passengers in all directions." According to Yue Dongxue, director of Jintang Service Area of Chengde South Expressway, in the early stage, they conducted emergency rescue skills training to improve the self-help and mutual rescue ability of the service area in response to emergencies and accidental injuries. It is convenient for rapid discovery, timely treatment and effective treatment of patients. "Provide a safe and healthy travel service experience for drivers and passengers in all directions." She said.

All-media reporter Ruan Lu Intern Lu Qun Correspondent Wang Yijun

At present, the weather is getting colder and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is in the high incidence season of influenza.

Huang Li, deputy director of the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the State Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Li Fuqiang, an expert on planned immunization, warmly reminded that to prevent seasonal high-incidence respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, we should make preparations in advance, raise awareness of disease prevention and strengthen health protection.

What is the flu?

Influenza (hereinafter referred to as "influenza") is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is harmful to human health. It can be divided into four types: A, B, C and D. Seasonal influenza viruses include subtype A H3N2, subtype A H1N1 (pdm09), strain B Victoria and strain B Yamagata.

According to Huang Li, the flu mainly manifests as fever, headache, general malaise and other symptoms, and the body temperature can reach 39~40 degrees Celsius. Children’s fever is usually higher than that of adults, and the symptoms may include chills, chills, aching muscles and joints all over the body, fatigue, accompanied by loss of appetite, etc., as well as sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, retrosternal discomfort, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and so on.

Influenza is mainly spread by droplets such as sneezing and coughing. Influenza virus survives in the air for about half an hour. It can be infected by direct or indirect contact with oral cavity, nasal cavity, eyes and other mucous membranes, and it can also be infected by touching articles infected by the virus. In crowded, closed and poorly ventilated places, influenza may also spread in the form of aerosol.

People are generally susceptible to influenza virus, and most of them are self-limited. Some patients will have complications, which can develop to severe illness or even death. The elderly over 65 years old, children under 5 years old, especially children under 2 years old, pregnant women and patients with basic diseases are high-risk groups of influenza and need special attention.

Huang Li reminded that maintaining good personal hygiene habits is an important means to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. For example, wash your hands frequently, keep indoor ventilation, try to avoid going to crowded places, have a balanced diet, exercise, and minimize rubbing your eyes, nose and mouth when you are in public places. You should also pay attention to regular work and rest, balanced nutrition, avoid overwork, and maintain your immunity. It is best to wear a mask when you go to a medical institution for medical treatment.

"In addition, the most effective means to prevent influenza is to inject influenza vaccine, especially for key populations. Annual influenza vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications." Huang Li said.

It is recommended to vaccinate against influenza in time.

According to Li Fuqiang, according to the Technical Guide for Vaccination of Influenza Vaccine in China (2023-2024) recently issued by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, annual vaccination with influenza vaccine is an effective means to prevent influenza, which can effectively reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications among the vaccinators. Suggest ≥ People who are 6 months old and have no vaccination contraindications should be vaccinated against influenza, especially the following key groups are recommended to give priority to vaccination:

1 medical personnel, including clinical rescue personnel, public health personnel, health and quarantine personnel, etc.;

2. Participants and security personnel in large-scale activities;

3. Vulnerable people and employees in old-age care institutions, long-term care institutions, welfare homes and other crowd gathering places;

4. People in key places, such as kindergartens, teachers and students in primary and secondary schools, and detainees and staff in prison institutions;

Family members and caregivers of infants under 5.6 months old and pregnant women;

6. Other people at high risk of influenza, including elderly people aged 60 and above, children aged 6 months to 5 years, and patients with chronic diseases.

Usually, antibodies with protective level can be produced after 2~4 weeks of influenza vaccination, and it is best to complete the vaccination before the peak of influenza epidemic in autumn and winter. In the same influenza epidemic season, people who have completed the whole vaccination according to the vaccination procedures do not need to be vaccinated again.

Li Fuqiang introduced that influenza vaccine is a non-immunization program vaccine, and residents can be informed, voluntary and self-funded. At present, influenza vaccines used in China are mainly divided into two categories: inactivated influenza virus vaccine and live attenuated influenza virus vaccine. The influenza vaccines approved for marketing in China include trivalent inactivated vaccine (IIV3), trivalent inactivated vaccine (LAIV3) and tetravalent inactivated vaccine (IIV4), all of which can effectively prevent influenza virus infection. Residents can choose one influenza vaccine by themselves. At present, there are sufficient reserves of influenza vaccine in vaccination clinics all over the state.

Because influenza virus is easy to mutate, it is necessary to get flu vaccine every year. Like many other vaccines, influenza vaccination does not necessarily mean that you will not get the flu, but it can alleviate the symptoms after getting the flu, significantly reduce the risk of developing into a serious illness, and avoid developing into a serious illness and death.

Experts from the State Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminded that residents who care for their health can get the flu vaccine as soon as possible, especially those who have children, pregnant women, the elderly and other key personnel at home, and should take the initiative to vaccinate the whole family as soon as possible to build a family immune barrier to protect themselves and their families from the flu. You can go to the nearest community health service center (community health service station), the vaccination clinic of township hospitals and the health department of the hospital for vaccination. You can also make an online appointment through WeChat WeChat official account of Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and make an appointment in advance for the vaccination clinic and vaccination time, which is more time-saving and convenient.

How do students and parents take precautions?

The flu is coming, how can students and parents prevent it? Huang Li suggested that personal protection is the most important, and ventilation and disinfection should not be forgotten.

Students and parents need to do personal protection, wear masks, wash their hands frequently, pay attention to cough etiquette, try to avoid going to crowded places and avoid close contact with people with respiratory symptoms. If family members have respiratory symptoms, they should rest at home, observe their health, go to work and attend classes without illness, and wear masks when they are in close contact.

Children’s three meals a day need balanced nutrition, appropriately increase high-quality protein such as meat, eggs and milk, and eat more fruits rich in vitamin C. Ensure the length of children’s sleep, and adequate sleep has a positive impact on enhancing physical fitness. Primary school students should sleep 10 hours a day, junior high school students 9 hours and senior high school students 8 hours.

Always ventilate your home and keep the environment clean. Open the window for ventilation 2~3 times a day, with no less than 30 minutes each time. If it is inconvenient to open the window for ventilation, mechanical ventilation can be carried out with the help of an exhaust fan. After patients appear in the family, the surfaces of environmental objects contacted by patients can be disinfected with chlorine-containing disinfectant containing 250 mg/liter of available chlorine, or wiped with disinfectant wipes, and the surfaces of small items can be wiped with 75% alcohol.

Huang Li stressed that in addition, students and parents should be vaccinated as soon as possible. For high-risk groups such as young children who have not been vaccinated with influenza, vaccination as soon as the influenza vaccine is available can play a good preventive and protective role.

How do schools and kindergartens prevent it?

Li Fuqiang suggested that schools and kindergartens should do a good job in health monitoring, strengthen ventilation and disinfection, and build a strong immune defense line during the high-incidence season of influenza.

Schools and kindergartens should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections and full-day observation. Strengthen the registration system of absence due to illness, grasp the reasons of students’ absence, and find and report early. When influenza cases occur, patients should be allowed to rest at home to reduce the spread of the disease.

Schools should take advantage of students’ recess, physical education class, after school and other periods to strengthen classroom ventilation, so as to keep the classroom air circulating and fresh. Every morning, noon and evening, windows should be opened for ventilation, and the ventilation time should not be less than 30 minutes each time. Every day after school, the key places in the classroom should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Nursery institutions should clean and disinfect students’ toys and other items every day.

Schools should publicize influenza prevention knowledge to teachers and students through radio, LED screens, blackboard newspapers, billboards, leaflets and lectures, do a good job in health education, help teachers and students develop good personal habits such as washing hands frequently, wearing masks and coughing etiquette, and improve their self-prevention ability. In addition, during the epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, schools should try to reduce or avoid large-scale gatherings and other collective activities to reduce the risk of transmission.

　　At present, the temperature in winter is changeable, cold and hot, and respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza enter the high-incidence season.

　　According to the press conference of the National Health and Wellness Committee, at present, with the continuous winter in various places, respiratory diseases have entered a period of high incidence. Monitoring shows that influenza is the main infectious disease of respiratory tract recently. In addition, there are rhinovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and so on.

　　Recent monitoring in Guangzhou shows that acute respiratory infectious diseases mainly caused by influenza and mycoplasma pneumoniae are active, and respiratory infections caused by rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and other common respiratory pathogens are intertwined. In particular, the level of influenza activity has increased significantly. At present, influenza A (H3N2 subtype) and influenza B (Victoria strain) are prevalent at the same time, and influenza is gradually entering the winter epidemic period.

　　How to judge which pathogen is infected? Influenza, mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus infection will all have symptoms such as cough and fever. How to distinguish them?

　　flu

　　Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Influenza patients and recessive infected people are the main sources of influenza infection, and the transmission route is mainly droplet transmission, but also through direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes.

　　The incubation period is 1-4 days, and the acute onset is mainly manifested as fever (high fever can occur in some cases, reaching 39-40℃), cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia and general malaise, and there may be symptoms such as chills, chills, aches and pains in muscles and joints all over the body, fatigue and loss of appetite. Some patients may be accompanied by vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, which are more common in children.

　　Influenza patients generally have a good prognosis. After 3-4 days of onset, their body temperature gradually subsides and their systemic symptoms improve. However, children, the elderly, people with basic diseases, obese people and pregnant women are prone to develop into severe diseases after infection, so they should be treated promptly.

　　Vaccination with influenza vaccine can effectively reduce infection, even if it is infected, it can also reduce the incidence, and even if it is infected, it can also reduce the severity of the disease.

　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae

　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the smallest known microorganism that can live independently between bacteria and viruses. It is mainly transmitted by droplets and direct contact, and the population is generally susceptible, especially in children and adolescents over 5 years old. Usually, when the seasons change, for example, when summer turns to autumn or autumn turns to winter, there may be local and short-lived clustering epidemics.

　　The incubation period is 2-3 weeks, and the main symptoms are similar to those of most respiratory diseases, with fever and cough as the main symptoms. Generally, the cough is severe, and it may last for 1-2 weeks after the fever has gone down. After children are infected with mycoplasma, most of them show upper respiratory tract infection, a small number of them are lower respiratory tract infection (possibly bronchitis or pneumonia), and a small number of them may develop into severe mycoplasma pneumonia.

　　Generally speaking, after mycoplasma infection, there will be no repeated infection in a short period of time (1-2 months). It should be noted that if the symptoms of infection recur, it is often that the last mycoplasma pneumoniae infection did not heal, and the local lesions were not completely removed and secondary infection occurred.

　　At present, there is no vaccine to prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. If you have fever accompanied by severe cough, you should see a doctor in time, find out the cause as soon as possible, standardize the treatment, and avoid using drugs blindly.

　　Respiratory syncytial virus

　　Respiratory syncytial virus is a common and highly contagious RNA virus. Spread through droplets and close contact, or spread through contaminated hands and surfaces.

　　The incubation period is usually 2-8 days, and detoxification can last for 1-3 weeks. Patients often have upper respiratory symptoms after infection, and the typical symptoms of children infected with syncytial virus are fever, cough, stuffy nose and runny nose. The typical symptoms of adult infection are very similar to the common cold, such as low-grade fever, cough, stuffy nose and runny nose.

　　Most patients’ symptoms will disappear spontaneously within 1-2 weeks, and a small number can develop into lower respiratory tract infection (i.e. bronchiolitis or pneumonia), which is more common in young infants. Clinical symptoms include cough and wheezing.

　　At present, there are no syncytial virus vaccines and special therapeutic drugs on the market in China. Syncytial virus can be repeatedly infected and easily spread at home, and infection can be prevented by strengthening personal protection and other measures.

　　Rhinovirus

　　Rhinovirus is one of the main pathogens causing the common cold. Mainly through direct contact and droplet transmission; Infants, the elderly and immunocompromised people are susceptible to rhinovirus.

　　The incubation period is 2-5 days, and the clinical manifestations are mainly runny nose, sneezing, throat discomfort, nasal congestion, cough, mild sore throat, low or slightly elevated body temperature, often accompanied by sinusitis and otitis media. Although rhinovirus infection can gain immunity, it lasts for a short time, so people can be infected with rhinovirus repeatedly.

　　At present, there is no specific prevention and treatment method. The patient’s condition is generally self-limited, with mild symptoms and can be cured in a week or so.

　　adenovirus

　　Adenovirus is not a new virus, it is a common virus that causes respiratory infection in children, and it is the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children. It can spread through droplets, close contact and fecal-oral route, and can also spread through water. Babies over 6 months old, school-age children and immunocompromised people are the high-risk groups of adenovirus infection.

　　The course of disease is usually 5-7 days, but the symptoms may last for up to 2 weeks, which may be complicated with bacterial infection. Symptoms vary according to the affected parts, and may include: fever, sore throat, runny nose, cough, earache, conjunctivitis (also known as "red eye"), diarrhea and hoarseness.

　　Adenovirus infection is mostly self-limited and supportive treatment is adopted. Antiviral therapy is usually only used for severe adenovirus disease, and most of these patients have impaired immune function.

　　At present, there is no adenovirus vaccine in China, and the prevention of adenovirus infection mainly focuses on hygiene, especially hand hygiene.

　　How to scientifically prevent respiratory diseases in daily life?

　　1. Wash your hands frequently. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer and flowing water. Cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or paper towel when sneezing or coughing to avoid polluting your hands and the surrounding environment.

　　2. More ventilation. Keep the indoor air circulating, and generally ventilate 2-3 times a day at home in winter for about 30 minutes each time.

　　3. gather less. During the epidemic of infectious diseases in winter and spring, try not to go to crowded places and avoid contact with patients with respiratory diseases. It is recommended to wear masks when you need to go.

　　4. Drink plenty of boiled water. Keep the nasal mucosa moist, effectively resist the invasion of viruses, and also facilitate the excretion of toxins in the body and purify the environment in the body.

　　5. Eat a balanced diet and exercise properly to enhance your physical fitness (outdoor activities should be reduced in foggy days).

　　6. Vaccinate. Vaccine is an effective means to prevent related infectious diseases. For infectious diseases such as influenza, chickenpox and mumps, susceptible people can be prevented by vaccination in advance.

　　7. Once infected with infectious diseases in winter and spring, patients should take hospitalization or rest at home according to their illness and doctor’s advice, and avoid participating in group activities and entering public places during this period. Resume daily activities such as going to school and going to work after it is not contagious.

　　Source: "Guangzhou CDC I Health" WeChat WeChat official account

Original title: China strikes back! Accompany the Sino-US trade war provoked by Trump to the end

In the early hours of last night, US President Trump formally signed a presidential memorandum to impose punitive tariffs on China’s imports and exports worth $60 billion to punish "China’s theft of American intellectual property". When Trump signed this memo, he still recited in his mouth:

This is just the beginning.
This is the first of many.

Trump signed a presidential memorandum at the White House. Photo from: Xinhua News Agency Trump’s move officially started a trade war with China, and he also suffered a loss of 800 yuan. As soon as the news came out of the earthquake in the US stock market, the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted by more than 700 points, and the three major stock indexes all fell by more than 2.4%, the biggest drop in a single day in more than a month.

This news has also implicated the global stock market, and the global stock market is full of sorrow. After the opening of the China stock market, the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Index 300 also recorded a decline of more than 3%. By the close, the Shenzhen Component Index fell by 4.02%, and the Shanghai Composite Index also fell by 3.39%. More than 400 stocks in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets fell.

Cui Tiankai, China’s ambassador to the United States, faced Trump’s restrictive measures against China, and Cui Tiankai, China’s ambassador to the United States, quickly responded through the official Facebook. Cui Tiankai said that the accusation of China’s intellectual property infringement was "unfounded" and China did not want to fight a trade war, but it was not afraid of a trade war:

We will definitely fight back, and we will retaliate. If someone wants to play hard, we will play hard with them to see who will last longer. Trump has been planning for a long time. According to this presidential memorandum just signed by Trump, the Office of the US Trade Representative will formulate a specific plan to impose tariffs on China goods within 15 days, and will also sue China to the World Trade Organization for related issues. At the same time, the U.S. Treasury Department will issue relevant plans within 60 days to restrict China enterprises’ investment and mergers and acquisitions in American enterprises.

At present, the Trump administration hasn’t revealed which China goods it will impose tariffs on. However, according to foreign media reports such as The New York Times, the United States will introduce 100 tariff measures against China, and the US Trade Representative Office has drawn up a list of 1,300 goods worth $48 billion. New York Post commented on this tariff measure:

Trump’s order to impose tariffs on China’s goods and restrict China’s investment in the United States is a slap in the face to the world’s second largest economy. Trump said that these measures are aimed at solving the US$ 375 billion trade deficit with China, and bluntly said that these tariffs "make us a stronger and richer country". This may be the American dream in Trump’s eyes. In fact, Trump has been planning to take a stronger trade strike against China since he took office.

The main basis for this tariff increase on China is the "301 investigation" launched by the United States against China last year. On August 14th last year, Trump signed an executive order authorizing US Trade Representative Wright Heze to formally launch a trade investigation on China in the fields of technology transfer, intellectual property rights and innovation in accordance with Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974. On August 18th, Wright Heze announced the official launch of the "301 investigation" in China.

Trump signed an executive order to launch a "301 investigation" against China. This trade bill, which was born during the Cold War, has always been the hegemonic weapon of American unilateralism, and now it is being used again against China. Since 2001, the United States has only launched a "301 investigation" against Ukraine in 2013. Over the past 30 years, the United States has launched "301 investigation" on China many times, among which the most frequent investigation was in the 1980s and 1990s. The last time was in 2010, the United States announced the launch of the "301 investigation" on China’s clean energy policies and measures, but in the end, China and the United States reached an agreement through negotiations, and the United States did not take any measures.

It may also be that in the past, the United States only used the "301 investigation" as a deterrent. When Trump announced the launch of the "301 investigation" on China last year, many media and scholars thought that the symbolic significance was greater than the actual significance. The New York Times and the Financial Times both pointed out at that time that there was little chance of a Sino-US trade war because of the length of the investigation and geopolitical factors. Like the time he was elected president, Trump gave the United States and the world a big "surprise" this time. In fact, in January this year, the United States announced that it would impose temporary tariffs on imported solar cells and panels and large household washing machines. Earlier this month, Trump announced that he would impose high tariffs on imported steel and aluminum. Trump’s determination to go further and further on the road of "trade protectionism" is already obvious.

The former site of a steel mill in Guangzhou, China. The steel produced in China actually accounts for only about 2% of the steel used in the United States. Photo: The New York Times At the G20 meeting that ended not long ago, U.S. Treasury Secretary Mnuchin once again stressed that a series of tariff measures in the United States are to protect their industries from the impact of dumping and unfair competition. However, American companies don’t seem to buy it. A few days ago, 45 trade associations, including Apple, Google, Nike and Wal-Mart, jointly called on the Trump administration to suspend its plan to impose tariffs on China products.

Photo from: After Trump announced the imposition of tariffs on China on a large scale, the new york Times warned that the decision of American business organizations to use tariffs to solve the problem may be counterproductive. Imposing tariffs not only harms American consumers, but may also lead to retaliation.

Photo from: YouTube, the National Retail Federation, believes that increasing tariffs will "make ordinary Americans punished for China’s violations". Accompany to the end! China strikes back. As stated in an earlier statement of China’s embassy in the United States, China is not only not afraid of a trade war, but will also make a strong counterattack to the end. On the morning of March 23rd, China’s Ministry of Commerce also officially issued a statement on this Trump tariff measure, and responded to the US trade measure with actions.
China decided to impose tariffs on some imported goods from the United States, so as to balance the losses caused to China’s interests by the United States imposing tariffs on imported steel and aluminum products.

The Ministry of Commerce issued a list of products that were suspended from the 232 measures to import steel and aluminum products from the United States and solicited public opinions. The list included 128 items in 7 categories, involving about 3 billion US dollars of American exports to China. The list was divided into two parts. The first part included 120 items, involving 977 million US dollars of American exports to China, including fresh fruits, dried fruits and nut products, wine, modified ethanol, American ginseng, seamless steel pipes and other products. The second part includes 8 taxes, involving US$ 1.992 billion in exports to China, including pork and its products, recycled aluminum and other products. It is proposed to impose a 25% tariff.

The Ministry of Commerce pointed out that the United States restricted the import of products on the grounds of "national security", which seriously undermined the multilateral trading system represented by the WTO and seriously interfered with the normal international trade order. In fact, in the face of Trump’s Si Mazhao heart, China’s counterattack has already begun. Yesterday, China’s Ministry of Commerce issued two announcements in succession. One was to decide to continue to levy anti-dumping duties on photographic paper imported from the European Union, the United States and Japan, and the other was to file an anti-dumping review on hydroquinone imported from the United States and Japan.

Trump’s "shooting yourself in the foot": When commenting on Trump’s trade measures, both China officials and American media used a sentence: shooting yourself in the foot. China’s ambassador to the United States clearly pointed out in the statement:

This move by the United States will also lift a rock and drop it on its own feet, which will directly harm the interests of American consumers, companies and financial markets, and will also have a negative impact on the international trade order and world economic stability.

The New York Times also published an article entitled "Trump tariff war will lift a rock and drop it on your own feet? "article, the article quoted the views of trade experts:

These policies will alienate allies and undermine the potential for collective action by countries that are equally dissatisfied with China, thus weakening the position of the United States in the world. In an article, the Financial Times said that Trump was not fully prepared for this explosive trade war:

Trump’s trade war with China may turn into a quagmire for a long time, just like the invasion of Afghanistan. According to a research report recently released by the American Information Technology Innovation Foundation, if the Trump administration imposes a 25% tariff on information and communication technology products imported from China, it will cause the US economy to lose about $332 billion in the next 10 years.

Trump’s stroke of a pen has a great impact on China, the United States and the world, but it is also in line with Trump’s style. It’s just that Trump may have made a decision that harms others, and the global stock market crash has just begun. However, this boot has not yet fully landed. Before the bill to increase tariffs is officially implemented, there will be a consultation period, and members and other relevant people can also propose amendments to this tariff policy, which is also the last room for manoeuvre.

However, who can persuade Trump?

Special feature of 1905 film network Six days after its release, The Four Kings of Di Renjie in the same period earned 1.447 billion yuan and 409 million yuan respectively, with a gap of more than three times.

Box Office Comparison between The Richest Man in Xihong City and Di Renjie (Source: Taobao Film Professional Edition)

But before the release, the data of the two films were not the same.

As of July 18th, The Four Kings had 37,000 first-day screenings, while the first-day screenings of The Richest Man in Xihong City were only 18,000.

At that time, Tsui Hark’s third Di Renjie series was far ahead of Mahua FunAge’s fourth, whether it was momentum or pre-sale. The latter’s online pre-sale is even just a fraction of the former.

But the data changed on the day of the release. On the day of the release, "Four Kings" opened 115,000 screenings, with a box office of over 100 million. However, "The Richest Man in Xihong City" won twice the box office income of Tsui Hark’s costume fantasy blockbuster with an extra gap of 30,000 games.

Comparison of box office and film arrangement of two films on the first day of release (July 27)

On the morning of 28th, the douban score of "Xihong City" also surpassed "Di Renjie" by 0.1.

We asked a publicist of "The Richest Man in Xihong City", and she revealed that the online pre-sale of the film was really late. However, based on the huge audience, it is not surprising to achieve the current box office results.

　

"Our distribution team went to a city like Qiqihar and found that the cinema was full in the afternoon." She said.

Xiao Dianjun learned that in the pre-heating stage of publicity, Alibaba Pictures, one of the producers of "The Richest Man in Xihong City", built a ticketing platform fan community, "Xihong City Community".

Users can join the Xihong community and become Xihong citizens by clicking "Want to See". In the community, through game interaction, film association and ticket purchase guidance are carried out.

Relevant people told Xiao Dianjun,At present, the number of "citizens" in this community has reached 1.91 million: "At different stages, it has brought many benefits to let users interact and spread."

　

Compared with "Xihong City", the marketing efforts of "Di Renjie" are slightly lacking. At the beginning of Huayi’s "Former 3" tasted the sweetness through the marketing of short video platforms such as Tik Tok, as its film, "Four Kings" inevitably used these platforms to gather young people.

Comparison of official account data of two films in Tik Tok

"As a channel platform, Tik Tok is actually similar to Weibo and WeChat a few years ago. As a social platform, it can directly deliver some marketing actions to customers, and it is an unavoidable channel platform in this year’s project implementation." A propaganda of "Four Kings" tells us that he also mentioned that the advantage of such a platform is that there is no middleman to earn the difference.

　

Because it has been five years since the last Di Renjie was released, the promotion of Four Kings pays special attention to the marketing of young people.

In addition to the behind-the-scenes tidbits, the short videos of Four Kings on Tik Tok include "CP" of Mark Chao and Kenny Lin, "Shui Yue Makeup" created by many masters and Carina Lau’s "This is Jison" and other funny clips.

Various short videos of "Four Kings" launched on Tik Tok.

Tsui Hark even accepted an interview with the barrage website. At present, the video has been played 261,000 times and there are 3,000 barrage.

The propagandist said that it is necessary for the film’s marketing to sink: "Because of the theme,’ sinking’ lacks natural advantages. However, there are also some relaxed elements in Di Renjie, including some behind-the-scenes content, which can actually be handed over to users through short-sightedness and stimulate the desire to watch movies. "

Although it uses the same marketing platform as Previous 3, it is obvious that the influence of Four Kings on these short video platforms is not as strong as that of Previous 3.

During the film "Ex-3" was released, its three theme songs kept a very high volume in Tik Tok, and many people even used these three pieces of music as their short video background sounds to shoot their crying scenes after coming out of the cinema.

　

The related vibrato videos of "Previous 3" often get millions of praises.

This emotional attachment to the past is very easy to infect more people who watch short videos, which indirectly leads to more people entering the cinema.

　

In 1960s, david ogilvy, an American advertising master, put forward the advertising 3B principle — — Beauty (beauty), Baby (baby) and animal (Beast), that is, advertising can attract consumers’ attention if it meets one of the 3B principles, thus stimulating purchases.

　

Now, half a century later, the current audience’s preference for video content has not got rid of this principle. According to the propagandists of "Four Kings", in film marketing, Tik Tok users prefer to create videos specially made for Tik Tok, rather than Tik Tok packaging of materials.

On the other hand, "The Richest Man in Xihong City" carried out a series of related publicity with the football elements in the film as the selling point, and what helped Mahua FunAge was that after the film just caught up with the Russian World Cup, the topic of football remained unresolved.

Shen Teng, the founder, not only explained the World Cup, but also appeared in fashion magazines as a football player.

　

However, the release of an "AV Milan" material attracted many fans’ antipathy to the film and made the film almost hot.

Later, the concepts promoted by The Richest Man in Xihong City became "funny" and "how to spend 1 billion RMB".

　

A person familiar with the matter told Xiao Dianjun that Calories, which was sung by Rocket Girl, was the cooperation of Shen Teng in the early stage of Creation 101. In the eyes of the marketing staff interviewed, this cooperation is indeed one of the biggest marketing of the film.

However, this staff member told us that the promotion song "Under the Rainbow" sung by Zhao Lei has a better effect and has attracted more attention in various communities.

　

On the attention of WeChat, "Xihong City" is indeed ahead of "Di Renjie".

According to the data of the ticketing platform, after 6 days of release, the WeChat index of "The Richest Man in Xihong City" rose instead of falling, reaching 30.7%; The "Four Kings" has now dropped to 4.9%.

In WeChat official account, there are 13,000 articles about "The Richest Man in Xihong City", with a total reading of more than 8 million; There are 11,000 "Four Heavenly Kings", and the total reading is half of the former.

　

Looking through these articles by WeChat official account, we find that the key words of The Richest Man in Xihong City include "Spend money hard", "Don’t be profound" and "Poverty limits imagination", and the main theme is the simplest and rudest "Rich", which is funny.

From pre-sale to marketing, Di Renjie has not fallen behind, but the angle and means of exerting its strength remain to be discussed. In contrast, on the other hand, "The Richest Man in Xihong City" seems to be "no move to win."

The critics and the general audience have been arguing about which is the higher quality of the two films. Judging from the box office figures and ratings of various platforms, Di Renjie is an unavoidable "complete failure" for Xihong City.

I have to say that the victory of "The Richest Man in Xihong City" lies in fully catering to the expectations and preferences of the current audience.

In this regard, we don’t know whether it is "happiness" or "worry".

Huasheng Online March 15 (Reporter Yu Qian) What should I do if there is something wrong with my home appliances? Searching online for brand customer service telephone repair has become the first choice of many consumers. However, seemingly regular 400 telephones are not necessarily official after-sales hotlines, and there are many hidden dangers in on-site maintenance. Recently, a survey conducted by reporters in the columns of "Xiangwen Complaints Through Train" and "Consumer Complaints" found that the threshold for handling "400" calls was low, and the online search shanzhai hotline was given priority recommendation by search engines.

Search the brand "400" phone online.Encounter a "cottage"repair

At the beginning of March, Ms. Liao, a citizen of Changsha, found that the boiling water temperature of Baxi brand wall-hung boiler, which had been used at home for more than ten years, couldn’t get up, so she asked her husband to search the after-sales maintenance hotline of Baxi wall-hung boiler through the Internet and got a number of 4009918883. After dialing, the other party claimed to be the customer service of the manufacturer, so she could leave her address and arrange a maintenance master to come to the door.

A maintenance master who claimed to be sent by the manufacturer came to the door as scheduled. After a simple inspection, the maintenance master said that the controller was broken and needed to be replaced. The motherboard had some problems and needed to be repaired, which cost a total of 1,600 yuan. After some bargaining, the master finally agreed to charge 1000 yuan.

"The master fixed it quickly. After collecting money and adding WeChat, he left without leaving any documents, which was very casual." Ms. Liao recalled that the more she thought about it, the more wrong she was, and she found the official after-sales hotline 4006688700 from the official website of Baxi brand again. When she asked, she learned that she had encountered cottage maintenance, and the official maintenance quotation was actually half cheaper.

Ms. Liao spits out, "We just believe in online search too much. By default, as long as the phone starts with 400, it is formal."

Inconsistent official identification before and after customer service is false after-sales

On March 14th, according to the telephone provided by Ms. Liao, the reporter contacted the maintenance master and asked if it was "after-sales service of Baxi manufacturer". The master said that he was "from Baxi maintenance center".

As a consumer, the reporter dialed the telephone number 4009918883 that Ms. Liao’s husband called for repair at that time. Without telling the brand of home appliances, the wiring customer service claimed to be "a paid maintenance line, and any brand can be repaired, and orders can be received nationwide". After simply asking about the brand of home appliances, the fault situation and the location, the customer service also called itself the "eight-up special hotline" and told the reporter that there would be a master contact later, and the door-to-door fee would be 40 yuan, and the maintenance and replacement of accessories would be counted separately.

Subsequently, the reporter contacted Manager Pang, the after-sales person in charge in Hunan Province, through the after-sales service hotline 4006688700 displayed on Baxi official website. After listening to the reporter’s description, Manager Pang said that the reporter should have encountered a fake after-sales service of Baxi. "The official after-sales hotline is only 4006688700. After the customer reports for repair, he will receive a feedback message, and then the master with authorized service qualification will come to the door. The specific maintenance fee is charged according to the after-sales manual provided by the manufacturer, and formal documents will be issued after the repair."

"I have received many customers’ reports that the level of after-sales personnel in the cottage is uneven, and sometimes it is still minor and overhauled, but we can’t stop it." Manager Pang said helplessly.

The cottage is recommended first after sale.400 telephoneLow threshold for handling

When the reporter searched for the keyword "brand+after-sales" through the mobile phone, he found that many cottage maintenance information ranked in front of the official after-sales information, and was also marked with "national unified customer service hotline" and "headquarters maintenance". Many consumers said that it was difficult to identify if they did not browse carefully.

Why is the false after-sales hotline recommended first? An advertising agent of a search engine told reporters that the display order may be related to advertising bidding ranking and keyword matching, and the information with high price and high fit will be given priority.

Handling the "400" hotline is also very simple. The reporter’s investigation found that on a shopping platform, as long as you provide the business license, legal person ID card and official seal, you can do it with money. The minimum package is one year in 260 yuan, and the annual fee can be fully deducted. 114 can’t find the real information of the company.

Hunan Consumer Protection Committee reminds: Don’t trust the so-called "official maintenance" of online search.

Some insiders said that in recent years, some home appliance enterprises have paid more attention to marketing than after-sales. With the increase of operating costs, the number of regular home appliance repair stores has been decreasing, which has made some cottage repairs have living space, taking advantage of the characteristics of large market demand, low operating threshold, asymmetric information and high difficulty in illegal accountability, and fooling consumers into paying the bill.

In order to prevent consumers from encountering the trap of "cottage" home appliance maintenance, Hunan Consumer Protection Committee reminds consumers that when choosing maintenance services, whether within the warranty period or not, they should first choose the official after-sales service outlets of the purchased brands, and don’t trust the so-called "official maintenance" searched by the Internet; When applying for repair, we should try our best to explain the fault situation so that the door-to-door personnel can take the spare parts and dispose of them in time; After confirming the identity of maintenance personnel, it is necessary to know in detail the charging standards of maintenance projects and whether formal invoices can be issued. If necessary, you can seek technical support from official customer service and understand the official price charging standards; Consumers should collect relevant evidence for the behavior of raising the price or adding maintenance items in the middle of maintenance service, which can be reflected to the official website of the brand, or through relevant government departments and consumer associations to defend their rights.

　　On the evening of December 4, taxis on the streets of Zhaoyuan County were waiting for passengers. Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Yan Xueqing/photo

　　Daqing Public Security Bureau chased the criminal police and escorted Yang Tong (third from left) from Henan to Heilongjiang. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　On December 4th, Sun Yanhui, head of the Criminal Investigation Brigade of Zhaoyuan County Public Security Bureau, came to the scene where the first driver was killed. Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Yan Xueqing/photo

　　Interpol Liu Zhigang has been looking for a rose.

　　As the most critical "blood color" in 12 murders, this "flower" has disappeared for 14 years.

　　In less than three months from 2005 to 2006, a six-member gang successively robbed and killed 12 taxi drivers in two provinces and three cities, including 11 men and 1 woman, and seized more than 4,000 yuan. This is "the largest serial homicide case against taxi drivers" since 1949.

　　The day after the last case happened, the series of cases were solved, three people in the gang were brought to justice, and two minors were sentenced to life imprisonment, but one person has not yet been brought to justice. The confession of the accomplice points to this man named Yang Tong, saying that he was the first mastermind who decided to rob and kill. Since then, looking for Yang Tong, the principal criminal who disappeared, has become a "must-test big question" for Heilongjiang police every year.

　　In the wanted order issued by the police, the 22-year-old young man has a handsome appearance, and his features include "a red rose tattooed on his right upper arm".

　　victim

　　He Qiaolian (a pseudonym) remembers that on February 26, 2006, her husband Liu Zhongchun (a pseudonym) was in a hurry to go out and pull a job just after lunch.

　　The red Xiali taxi he drives will be scrapped in seven days. The couple bought it with a loan from the bank. Although it is always bad, it is still the only source of income for the family.

　　Liu Zhongchun and his wife calculated that they would quit after running these days and do some business in the future. Seeing that his niece is getting married, he wants to run for money. If he has a lot of work, he can also run for a ticket and go back to his hometown in Jilin to see his parents.

　　Before going out that afternoon, the family-oriented man soaked two clothes in a basin and asked his wife to wait for him to come back and wash them.

　　The next day, 43-year-old Liu Zhongchun was found in a drainage ditch 28 kilometers away from anniversary, with 56 knives. He Qiaolian’s sister said that in order to let the knife penetrate the abdomen smoothly, the murderer opened Liu Zhongchun’s upper body cotton-padded clothes.

　　This is the seventh taxi driver murder case in Zhaoyuan County, Daqing City, Harbin City and Zhaozhou County of Heilongjiang Province since December 2005. The public security organs found that these cases were committed by the same group by analyzing the means of committing crimes, comparing the knife edges and inspecting the traces on the scene.

　　The murdered drivers were all in dozens of knives. After a driver was killed, the only 24 yuan money on his body was taken away; Two drivers were killed and thrown into the same grave; A driver tried to escape, but the murderer threw him down and killed him … … Liu Zhongchun was the victim who was stabbed the most.

　　Before killing Liu Zhongchun, a group of murderers clashed. After participating in two robberies, 17-year-old member Jiang Ming (pseudonym) stole two stolen mobile phones and more than 200 yuan while other members were in the bath center, and then fled.

　　Subsequently, other people had no money to pay for the bath, so they "mortgaged" one person, and the other three people went out to rob and kill a red Xiali taxi driver, that is, Liu Zhongchun.

　　Two days later, Jiang Ming enabled the stolen mobile phone, and Daqing Public Security locked the signal to capture it.

　　Liu Zhigang, Yu Tao, Sun Yanhui and other police officers in different positions at that time all remember that in those days, the weather in Daqing was very cold, and almost all the public security organs in the city took to the streets to participate in the arrest, and police cars flashed warning lights throughout the city.

　　Three days later, the remaining four people in the killing gang were arrested. Three of the five people were sentenced to death and two were sentenced to life imprisonment.

　　Fourteen years later, He Qiaolian told reporters that she forgave two underage adults, but the nightmare did not completely let her go.

　　She often dreams that her husband comes back to wash those two clothes. She cries and asks "Where are you" and "Why don’t you go home", but the husband in her dream always doesn’t look at her.

　　In the home where Liu Zhongchun will never go back, there is no trace of his life. He Qiaolian moved away from the former site and raised her daughter alone. This 50-year-old woman has many empty bottles of eye drops at her bedside. Her eyes are not good, and the font in her mobile phone can only be seen when it is adjusted to extra large. She once heard a doctor say, "Tears are hot, and crying all the time burns the fundus."

　　The case materials and old newspapers of that year were sandwiched in the family photo album by her. She and her daughter seldom talk about Liu Zhongchun, let alone the sixth man who disappeared. She had seen Yang Tong’s name in the litigation materials. She hated this young man who had never met before, and even wanted to go to his hometown to find out, "Why would he want to kill someone?".

　　Chaser

　　Liu Zhigang kept Yang Tong’s photos and wanted orders in his computer and mobile phone, and also printed out a copy at hand, then took it out and stared at it regularly.

　　When Yang Tong absconded in 2006, Liu Zhigang was 33 years old. He was a criminal policeman of the Eighth Brigade of the Criminal Investigation Detachment of anniversary Public Security Bureau, mainly responsible for chasing fugitives.

　　The closest one was in March 2006, when Liu Zhigang learned that Yang Tong was in Harbin, but when he got there, he had already fled. The 14-year hunt has begun. In the words of Han Yanchun, a colleague from Liu Zhigang, in this world, apart from Yang Tong’s parents, "we are the people who miss him the most".

　　Over the years, the police have received many tips about Yang Tong. Some say that he smashed the stall selling eggs, some say that he bought explosives and guns to do something important, some say that he wants to sneak out of Yunnan, and some people post that Yang Tong inquired about the policy of "surrender leniency". All these clues are finally "checked out".

　　After 2010, Yang Tong’s ID card information was registered in many places, such as Didi, Alipay, Baidu Takeaway, ofo bike-sharing, YY voice account, Perfect World, Street Basketball, Jiuyin Zhenjing and other game accounts, and dozens of mobile phone numbers were also registered. The police speculated that the A-level wanted order of the Ministry of Public Security sometimes appeared on the boot screen of the computer in the Internet cafe, and the identity information was easily "borrowed" by others.

　　In 2012, Liu Zhigang took over as the captain of the pursuit brigade. His superior, Tianhua Wang, then the criminal investigation detachment leader of Daqing Public Security Bureau, told him, "If you don’t do anything for a year, you can just get Yang Tong back.".

　　In the past 14 years, the task force that pursued Yang Tong has changed five batches and the criminal police have changed three times. Liu Zhigang and his colleagues spend almost a third of their time chasing after each other all over the country every year. Knowing that Yang Tong may go home for the New Year, they will go to his hometown to lurk next door, or hide in the van to spy on him.

　　Liu Zhigang is 47 years old, with wrinkles and white hair. Criminal investigation detachment has been joined by criminal police after 80 s and 90 s. When newcomers report for duty, they will listen to the "old policeman" telling the story of the sixth man who disappeared and the serial murders of that year.

　　After 80s, Wang Shuai was transferred from other provinces and saw the world, but when he heard the tragic murder, he still said it was "unheard of". Later, he took the initiative to join the task force.

　　"Every quarterly, annual assessment or special action, the superior must mention Yang Tong." Luo Hongwei, deputy detachment leader of the Criminal Investigation Detachment of Daqing Public Security Bureau, said that sometimes "the face is red when asked", and "12 people died violently, the principal offender could not be found, and the family members were restless. For the criminal investigation police, this is a great shame."

　　The new office building of Zhaoyuan County Public Security Bureau is on the bank of Songhua River, and the glaciers in the sun are particularly bright. But for criminal police, what is more conspicuous is the left front of the gate and the place where the tenth victim was dumped. At the time of the crime, it was still a wasteland.

　　Yang Tong’s name and his white and delicate face have been flowing in the huge data system of public security organs, looking for relevant data.

　　Iterative technology is like a finer mesh screen, with smaller mesh and higher precision.

　　In 2016, after a nationwide systematic screening, the police determined that Yang Tong had not activated his identity information, inferring that he was using someone else’s identity or living under a false identity.

　　In August, 2020, Sanmenxia Public Security Bureau of Henan Province used the database to match a person who was imprisoned for theft, which was very similar to Yang Tong.

　　perpetrator

　　No one can tell why Yang Tong, who just turned 22 in the winter of 2005, suddenly took two young boys to rob him.

　　He was born in Erjingzi Town, Zhaozhou County. His parents are still alive. He has a younger sister at home. When he was 6 years old, his family moved to neighboring Zhaoyuan County to sell candy bars. He graduated from primary school, went out to work at the age of 18, sold seafood in Harbin and Shuangyashan, cut vegetables for restaurants and talked about love.

　　According to the confessions of accomplices Wang Dongcheng and Fan Mingkun, 20-year-old Wang Dongcheng is a neighbor of Yang Tong, who works in anniversary. One day at the end of November 2005, Yang Tong found Wang Dongcheng and said that he would take him to do a job of "making more money". Later, the two returned to Zhaoyuan County, and Yang Tongdao introduced Fan Mingkun, a 21-year-old elementary school classmate, to Wang Dongcheng.

　　The three initially planned to rob the grocery store. When they walked to the door and saw many people in the store, they gave up.

　　The reason for robbing a taxi is that there is no need to look for the target of the crime, and it is all over the street; There are ready-made vehicles to escape; More importantly, the taxi must have cash.

　　"Even if a person just went out and didn’t pull it, the driver must have change with him. The change can at least break a 100 yuan." Fan Mingkun confessed. The first selected driver "looks like an old man" and "speaks softly and has no energy".

　　For the first time, Yang Tong didn’t do it. A policeman who handled the case said that Yang Tong was a "ghost" (flexible in mind) and mainly assumed the role of strategist and finance. He is responsible for chatting with the driver, observing the surrounding environment and waiting for an opportunity to signal to stop. After committing the crime, he insisted on selling or destroying the victim’s mobile phone, and the money he grabbed was also distributed by him.

　　On December 14th, 2005, three people returned to Saertu District of Daqing City, which means "the place where the moon rises" in Mongolian. Here, they robbed a yellow Alto taxi. This time, "Yang Tong stabbed the driver in the back with a knife".

　　When killing the fourth driver, Yang Tong suddenly became "frightened".

　　On December 18th, 2005, near midnight, Yang Tong robbed a red Jetta taxi in Daqing, and Yang Tong and Wang Dongcheng dragged the tied driver to a grave. After a while, Yang Tong came back by himself and said, "I can’t do it" without saying why. Fan Mingkun didn’t ask, took the knife and walked to the grave. At this point, Wang Dongcheng has pushed the driver against the tree, and Fan Mingkun stabbed the driver in the chest. After the driver broke free, he ran two steps and cursed them for "not paying attention" and "killing people after taking the money". Fan Mingkun threw himself on the ground and stabbed him with a knife.

　　Yang Tong believes that "those two people are crazy". He told the police that he couldn’t control Wang and Fan Er people, and they also had differences on how to deal with their mobile phones.

　　Yang Tong left. More than two months later, Wang Dongcheng and Fan Mingkun found Fan Mingkun’s brother Fan Minghui and two 17-year-old teenagers Jiang Ming and Sun Xiao (a pseudonym) to join in.

　　The new gang is even crazier. From February 25th to 28th, 2006, they committed eight crimes in four days.

　　Local taxi drivers began to be alert, and there were not many men on the night shift. Fan Minghui’s left leg was amputated at a high position due to electric shock, and he relied on a crutch. From February 25, he stood alone on the street and took a taxi, and then picked up the other four people in the name of "picking up friends". When the car shop goes to a remote place, Fan Minghui will say, "My leg is numb and I need to change my position" and let the driver stop.

　　"My image, standing on the side of the road, there is no taxi." Fan Minghui said during the trial.

　　The driver of Hafei Lubao taxi was the only woman among the 12 victims. On the afternoon of February 25, she met these five men in Zhaozhou County by car and took the initiative to whistle and ask them if they wanted to take a taxi.

　　"I didn’t want to rob her, but this model has never been seen before. She took the initiative to recruit us and got on the bus." Afterwards, Wang Dongcheng confessed.

　　After Jiang Ming confessed that Yang Tong was the mastermind, Daqing police went to Erjingzi Town to arrest people. According to the police investigation afterwards, the head of the village where Yang Tong’s family is located said, "What happened to your Yang Tong? Why did the city bureau come?" When Yang Tong’s father heard that he immediately found his son and learned that he had "killed", he gave him 1000 yuan money to help him escape. Father Yang and the village head were both sentenced for harboring crimes.

　　Yang Tong boarded the train from Harbin to the south and got off at Zhoukou Station at random. After being arrested, he told the police that he had found an ID card and used it to work in a hotel in Taikang County, Zhoukou City. In 2008, Yang Tong was jailed for two years for theft in this capacity.

　　When he was released from prison, he was almost a different person. Since then, he has stopped taking trains, planes and buses, and he is afraid to register an Internet account. In a sense, he disappeared.

　　Search with Chinese search engine, you can see the discussion of the case by netizens. Some people listed Yang Tong as the "Top Ten Most Wanted", ranking third, and speculated why he wanted to tattoo a red rose on his body.

　　Impersonator

　　On October 29th, 2020, Liu Zhigang saw the flower again. It appeared on the arm of a man in Henan province, and its appearance was exactly the same as that obtained by the police 14 years ago.

　　At this point, Yang Tong, a Class A wanted criminal of the Ministry of Public Security, was finally arrested.

　　In September this year, the fifth task force to hunt down Yang Tong was set up. They have prepared winter clothes and will go to Henan to fight a protracted war.

　　In 2010, Yang Tong, who used another person’s identity, was released from prison. Sun Yanhui, now the head of the Criminal Investigation Brigade of Zhaoyuan County Public Security Bureau, investigated his cellmates that year, and narrowed the last place where Yang Tong appeared to Jicui Community in Luohe City, and the time was also locked in 2013.

　　Not long ago, standing on the street of Jicui community, 10 policemen felt like "10 ants": there were two wholesale markets with a large floating population. In 2010-2013, when Yang Tong appeared, there was also a woven bag factory with 30,000 employees, which had closed down and the workers were scattered everywhere. "Want to find a 7 years ago or even 10 years ago ‘ Dummy ’ " Luo Hongwei said that it was extremely difficult to check one by one, so he decided to start with the flower market first. After years of pursuit, they met "a little luck" — — An old couple saw Yang Tong’s photo and said, "Isn’t this the small northeast?"

　　It is said that "Little Northeast" has long stopped sending flowers, changed to rockery business, and opened its own store. Luo Hongwei and his party quickly found the store address provided by the old couple.

　　In order to avoid the exposure of the northeast accent, Han Yanchun entered the store to inquire about the situation with the cooperation of a local police station in Henan. Henan police talked with the woman at the front desk, while Han Yanchun walked to the back yard and found a man with long hair lying in a tent in the courtyard covered with a quilt.

　　After only one look, Han Yanchun decided that eyebrows and eyes could not be wrong, and this person was Yang Tong.

　　When he was held down, Yang Tong still denied his identity. He didn’t admit it until the policemen who came to support tore off his clothes and saw the red rose.

　　In the live video recorded by the law enforcement recorder, in order to ensure correctness, the police asked Yang Tong the names of his parents and sister, and he answered verbatim.

　　The missing sixth person has finally been found.

　　After the news of Yang Tong’s arrest was announced, Liu Zhigang, Luo Hongwei, Han Yanchun and others "went crazy in the circle of WeChat friends", and some people got hundreds of praises, "the most in history". Some retired policemen specially called to ask how they caught Yang Tong.

　　At the beginning of November this year, the police of the task force escorted Yang Tong back to their hometown.

　　When passing through Erjingzi Town, Yang Tong suddenly said, "Leader, why don’t you turn a corner and let me go home and see my parents? I haven’t seen them for so many years."

　　Returning to the scene of the first murder, Yang Tong, who shocked Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in those years, is no longer the 22-year-old young man. He has long hair, fat body and blurred eyes — — When he saw a policeman with his hands in his pockets, he immediately squatted on the ground.

　　"What happened to Yang Tong?" Yu Tao, deputy director of Zhaoyuan County Public Security Bureau who led the team to identify the scene, asked.

　　"I thought you were going to shoot me." He straightened up when he saw that the police took out a mobile phone, not a police gun.

　　In 2006, Wang Dongcheng and others’ criminal incidental civil judgment, the victims were no longer "taxi drivers" in the news. Behind their names, the column of relatives’ names showed that two 61-year-old Harbin elderly people lost their sons; Two elderly people in Qinggang County who were over 70 years old also lost their sons; A 44-year-old man in Zhaozhou County lost his wife and his newly grown son lost his mother. Two elderly people in Helen who were over eighty lost their sons, and their 12-year-old grandson lost his father. Two 36-year-old and 37-year-old anniversary women, two 29-year-old Jilin women and a 35-year-old Helen woman all lost their husbands. An 11-year-old girl in anniversary lost her father.

　　After the first trial, Jiang Ming was sentenced to 20 years in prison. The victim’s family insisted on appealing, and did not hesitate to give up civil compensation, only seeking severe punishment. Finally, Jiang Ming was sentenced to life imprisonment. At the beginning of the lawsuit, the families of the victims called each other to express their condolences. Later, they stopped contacting each other because many families could not afford the telephone bill.

　　When he finally arrived at the case, Yang Tong had been married for 10 years and had a son and a daughter. The wife is 36 years old and knows nothing about her husband’s past. More than 2,000 kilometers away, He Qiaolian saw the news that Yang Tong was arrested, and tears came out. She was also 36 years old when her husband died with 56 knives.

　　She and Liu Zhongchun’s daughter are 18 years old, and have long forgotten her father’s appearance, and even can’t remember calling her father. When Yang Tong left Luohe, the policemen opened the window and let him see his family. His 2-year-old and 4-year-old children don’t understand what happened. They stand on the street and wave to their father in the window: "Bye, Dad."

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Yan Xueqing Source: China Youth Daily

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Education, in May 2022, the illustration of the eleventh set of primary school mathematics textbooks by People’s Education Publishing House (hereinafter referred to as People’s Education Press) was widely concerned by the society. The leading party group of the Ministry of Education attached great importance to it, and set up an investigation and disposal working group headed by the leading comrades of the leading party group and deputy heads by two members of the leading party group. By interviewing relevant personnel, reading original materials, listening to the opinions of experts in mathematics, ideological politics and art, and soliciting the opinions of front-line mathematics and art teachers, it conducted a serious investigation and verification. The relevant information is hereby notified as follows:

　　After investigation, there are three main problems in textbook illustrations. First, it is not beautiful and upward, and there is a gap with the fundamental requirements of Lide Shuren. The overall painting style does not conform to the aesthetic habits of the public, and some illustrations are ugly and have poor mental outlook, which does not properly reflect the sunny and upward image of children in China. Second, it is not serious and standardized, and some illustrations even have errors. There are too many illustrations, some of which have low professional standards, and some illustrations have scientific and normative problems. Third, it is not meticulous and accurate, and some illustrations are easy to be misunderstood. Some illustrations are sketchy, some lines are poorly drawn and elements are improperly selected, and the proportion of pictures is not harmonious. At the same time, it is also found that some illustrations of problems spread on the Internet are not illustrations of primary school mathematics textbooks of People’s Education Society, and relevant departments have included them in comprehensive investigation and rectification.

　　After investigation, the People’s Education Society, as a textbook compilation unit, did not fully and thoroughly implement the relevant decision-making arrangements of the central government, and did not fully understand the educational function of illustrations in textbooks. The selection system of illustrators was not perfect and standardized, the implementation of the system of three examinations and three schools in textbooks was not strict, the internal error correction system was not perfect, readers’ opinions were not taken seriously, and the problems existing in illustrations were not carefully investigated and rectified in time. When organizing experts to carry out textbook review, the Textbook Bureau of the Ministry of Education lacked guidance and supervision, and did not supervise the investigation and rectification of textbook problems.

　　After investigation, it is not found that there is a problem of economic benefit transmission between the relevant personnel of PEP, the illustrator Wu Yong and the general consultant of the overall design art of teaching materials Lv Jingren.

　　依据《中国共产党问责条例》《中国共产党纪律处分条例》《中华人民共和国公职人员政务处分法》等有关规定，对有关单位及27名失职失责人员进行严肃追责问责，具体如下：

　　责令人民教育出版社党委整改，并予以通报批评；给予人民教育出版社党委书记、社长黄强党内严重警告、记大过处分；给予总编辑、时任党委书记郭戈党内严重警告、记大过处分，免职处理；给予分管负责人党内严重警告、记大过处分，免职处理；给予小学数学编辑室主要负责人党内严重警告、记过处分，免职处理；给予其他17人相应纪律处分和组织处理。责令教育部教材局整改，并予以通报批评；给予局长田慧生党内警告、记过处分；给予分管负责人等5名相关人员相应纪律处分和组织处理。

　　对插图作者、设计人员作出相应处理，不再聘请吴勇、封面设计吕旻、吕敬人及其工作室从事国家教材设计、插图绘制等相关工作。

　　衷心感谢社会各界对教材工作的关心、批评与监督。教育部将坚持和加强党对教材工作的全面领导，不断健全完善并严格执行教材编制、审查、使用、维护、监管各环节相关制度，确保教材建设始终坚持正确政治方向和价值取向，切实打造培根铸魂、启智增慧、适应时代要求的精品教材。