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The company’s 2023 annual report recently disclosed by Kexing Pharmaceutical shows that the company achieved an operating income of 1.259 billion yuan, down 4.32% year-on-year, a net profit loss attributable to listed shareholders of 190 million yuan, and a non-net profit loss attributable to shareholders of listed companies of 201 million yuan.

The loss in 2023 is also the second year since 2022 that Kexing Pharmaceutical has fallen into a loss, and the amount of loss has intensified. The annual report disclosed by Kexing Pharmaceutical also shows that the company invested 345 million yuan in research and development in 2023, setting a new high since its listing. However, although R&D investment continued to increase, Kexing Pharmaceutical not only failed to turn losses, but further increased its losses. The turnover rate of scientific research personnel in Kexing Pharmaceutical is around 21.63%, and in 2023, the company lost half of its doctors.

Addition and subtraction of doctor introduction and loss

The data shows that in 2023, the company introduced 17 new doctors, and the number of doctors in 2022 was 25. However, the number of doctors disclosed in the company’s 2023 annual report was only 20. In other words, although 17 doctors were introduced, 22 doctors left the company in 2023, which means that 17 postdoctoral doctors were introduced and half of them left Kexing Pharmaceutical in 2023.

How does Kexing Pharmaceutical, which relies on high-end talents for drug research and development, maintain innovation in research and development? What are the hidden dangers behind the abnormally high turnover rate of high-end talents?

Except for doctors, the overall number of R&D personnel of Kexing Pharmaceutical is in a state of substantial loss. The data shows that in 2022, the number of graduate students in the company was 87, and in 2023, the number of graduate students has been reduced to 79; In 2022, the number of R&D personnel with bachelor’s degree was 72, and in 2023, the number of R&D personnel with bachelor’s degree was only 53; In 2022, the number of R&D personnel with junior college or below was 24, and in 2023, it has dropped sharply to 11.

In 2022, there were 208 R&D personnel in the company, and in 2023, the number of R&D personnel in the company has been reduced to 163, a year-on-year decrease of 21.63%. In 2020 and 2021, the number of R&D personnel in the company was 170 and 194 respectively. In 2023, the number of R&D personnel of the company also hit a new low since listing.

R&D investment has reached a new high, but R&D personnel have been greatly lost and net profit has been greatly lost. For example, Kexing Pharmaceutical has fallen into a strange circle of more R&D investment and more losses this year.

The R&D investment of listed companies in the same industry disclosed in the company’s research report shows that the R&D investment of Tebao Bio, Sihuan Bio, Sanyuan Gene, Wan Ze Co., Ltd. and Cain Technology accounted for 13.33%, 14.42%, 20.65%, 16.68% and 12.22% of the operating income respectively, while the R&D investment of Kexing Pharmaceutical accounted for 27.4% of the operating income in 2023.

Overseas commercialization is not effective only by shouting.

The annual report disclosed this time also exposed the embarrassing reality of the company’s overseas commercialization strategy.

The annual report shows that the company’s export revenue in 2023 was 138 million yuan. Compared with 2022, the company’s export revenue did not rise but fell. In 2022, the company achieved overseas sales revenue of 161 million yuan, an increase of 61% over the same period of last year, setting a record high.

Kexing Pharmaceutical once regarded overseas commercialization as an important strategy, and the company indicated that it would devote itself to building the most valuable overseas commercialization platform in China. However, in three years, the company’s export income still accounts for only about 10% of the company’s operating income.

As early as 2021, Kexing Pharmaceutical introduced albumin paclitaxel, and obtained the technology of albumin paclitaxel and its commercial rights except the American market. However, albumin paclitaxel has only recently passed the GMP certification of the European Union, and if the drug goes on the market, it needs to be approved by the European Union Marketing Permit Application (MAA).

Although the company has introduced a total of 12 products, signed contracts with customers in more than 40 countries and submitted applications for registration of imported products, it still seems that it has not been sold in overseas markets. "infliximab, bevacizumab, albumin paclitaxel and other products have successively completed on-site audits in Egypt, Brazil, Indonesia, the European Union and other countries, and it is expected that overseas sales of the above products will be realized in 2024.

On the evening of May 24th, Kexing Pharmaceutical released the 2024 restricted stock incentive plan (draft). The number of restricted shares to be granted is 3.786 million shares, with a total of 147 people to be encouraged.

The assessment year of this incentive plan is two fiscal years from 2024 to 2025, and it is assessed once in each fiscal year. Taking the company’s overseas sales revenue in 2023 as the performance base, the growth rate of overseas sales revenue in each assessment year or the cumulative number of overseas registration documents was assessed. Based on the overseas sales revenue in 2023, it is planned that the growth rate of overseas sales revenue will be 50%-100% in 2024 and 200%-400% in 2025.

In 2023, the company’s export revenue will decline instead of rising, but in 2025, the overseas sales revenue will increase by two to four times. Although the vision of Kexing Pharmaceutical is beautiful, it still has a long way to go.

Original title: "It is related to Kexing vaccine! Look quickly! 》

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　　Sanyuanli vegetable market in Chaoyang District is neat and standardized, clean and hygienic, with complete products. Because it is close to the embassy district, it also attracts many foreigners to buy it. Reporter Deng Wei photo

　　Reporter Ma Jing

　　Just after 9: 00 a.m., Sanyuanli vegetable market became lively. Chefs from western restaurants came to buy lunch ingredients, young mothers picked imported fruits, and takeaway brothers walked quickly through busy delivery. Delicious vegetables, colorful fruits, seafood from all over the world, and strange spices … … Although this vegetable market with an area of only 1,560 square meters is small, it is full of all kinds of delicious food from all over the world.

　　In the vegetable market, a long and narrow passage runs through the north and south, with 140 merchants on both sides. In a booth of only a few square meters, merchants set up a ladder with a simple frame to place dishes, and the layered vegetables will be surrounded by vegetable sellers, who can only drill in and out from the corner of the ladder.

　　For 59-year-old Li Xueling, loading goods is a manual job, but she enjoys it. Before dawn, her whole family drove to major wholesale markets to select fresh "sharp goods". After being transported back to the vegetable market, they had to choose dirty leaves, wrap them in plastic wrap, and put them on the stalls after some initial processing. "The morning is the busiest and most chaotic time, but the market is neat as soon as it opens." Li Xueling said.

　　"Elder sister, give me a small box of sweet beans and a catty of tomatoes." Just opened, Ms. Sun, an old customer, appeared in front of the booth in Li Xueling as usual. The price of two vegetables of nearly 100 yuan did not surprise Ms. Sun. After skillfully scanning the code to pay, she picked up the bag and walked to the fruit stand.

　　What attracts Ms. Sun is that there are always unexpected gains here. A kilo of organic tomatoes in 20 yuan, Japanese pumpkins that are often sold out of stock, Brussels sprouts that look like mini cabbages, and delicious flowers with high value … … The small vegetable market is an eye-opener and makes people enjoy the beauty of food.

　　"Who would have thought 30 years ago that there are so many kinds of vegetables now?" Li Xueling remembered that she and her husband came to Beijing from their hometown in Baoding, and each of them joined the army of selling vegetables with a flatbed. At the beginning, all the stalls were the same road dishes, with only five or six varieties. At that time, she didn’t expect that such a "online celebrity" vegetable market could be built on the grassland that she passed every day when she went home.

　　In 1992, before and after the country completely abolished the policy of residents buying pork by ticket, vegetable greenhouses were built in Sanyuanli vegetable market, and roadside vendors pushed carts into the market to set up stalls. Since then, this old vegetable market has undergone many upgrades and hardware upgrades, and it has also evolved into an international vegetable market full of emotional appeal.

　　If the opening is the right time, internationalization is the right place. Because of its proximity to the embassy district, Sanyuanli vegetable market has attracted customers from all over the world, and various demands have also made merchants smell business opportunities. This vegetable market, which takes two or three minutes to walk quickly, has gradually become a "fresh United Nations".

　　Yesterday evening, Liu Rong, a white-collar worker who just finished working overtime, walked into Sanyuanli vegetable market and went straight to a cheese shop, with black lemon cheese and colorful red sauce cheese … … Liu Rong, who just learned to cook western food, was dazzled.

　　"I have no cheese you can’t find." Shop owner Wen Guochen is full of confidence. Twenty-two years ago, he was a vegetable merchant in the market. Because many foreigners who came to buy food could not find their own cheese, Wen Guochen decided to change careers. He asked the import agent to collect all kinds of cheese and spices to satisfy the stomachs of foreign customers. In recent years, more and more Chinese began to patronize his small shop, and the business was getting better and better.

　　Just after seeing off the customers, a fashionable food anchor walked into the store, aimed the camera at the cheese in the freezer, and the screen of the mobile phone flashed with questions from fans. For such a scene, Wen Guochen has long been accustomed to it. In recent years, artists have come to hold exhibitions, writers have come to hold new book conferences, and economists have come to hold small classes in economics. The unique "online celebrity" temperament makes this vegetable market bring people endless imagination.

　　Li Xueling felt that in the past two years, the number of passengers in the vegetable market has decreased, but the micro-shops in mobile phones have become busier. "When someone visited once, they added WeChat. When it is inconvenient to come, they will place an order online." Like Li Xueling, merchants have been operating mobile phone markets. The take-away and flash delivery staff who shuttle through the market have also become a unique landscape.

　Fan Chunhai is a member of the Central Committee of Jiu San Society, a professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and a member of the Shanghai Municipal Political Consultative Conference. In 2019, he was co-elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

At the age of 26, he received a doctorate in biochemistry and molecular biology from Nanjing University.

At the age of 33, he was supported by the Outstanding Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

At the age of 42, his team developed a new method for inducing nano-scale precise mineralization by DNA self-assembly structure, which was published in Nature, and achieved the first breakthrough in the field of DNA nanotechnology by China researchers.

He has been selected as a "highly cited scientist in the world" in the past six years.

At the age of 45, he was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences, the youngest among the Shanghai academicians in 2019.

He is Fan Chunhai, member of the Central Committee of the Jiu San Society, member of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and director of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Jiu San Society.

Fan Chunhai’s office is located in the Translational Medicine Research Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Next to the simple and bright office is a uniform laboratory. The experimental platform is filled with all kinds of equipment. The window is bright and clean, with few other colors except black and white. Fan Chunhai, who has just been interviewed by his alma mater, is still immersed in the memories of middle school life. Talking about today’s achievements, he said with emotion: "These 20 years happened to be a period of rapid development in China, and the conditions and level of scientific research have undergone tremendous changes. I am glad to catch up with such a good era and let me make great achievements in scientific research."

Fan Chunhai belongs to the Ministry of Chemistry in the published results of the co-election of academicians of China Academy of Sciences. He once won the Tan Jiazhen Prize for Innovation in Life Sciences, one of the most influential awards in the field of life sciences in China. After returning to China, he chose the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences as his work unit. Under such a "cross-border", it seems difficult to define his professional field. His explanation for this is: "Subject field and research direction are different concepts, and my research direction has not changed for more than 20 years. I have been engaged in basic research on biosensing since I was a graduate student, just to explore the unknown world and need a broader vision. "

In 1992, Fan Chunhai, who was preparing to take the college entrance examination, applied for the Department of Biochemistry of Nanjing University. "At that time, the choice of biochemistry was blind and I didn’t understand it at all. But I vaguely feel that biochemistry has both biology and chemistry. This name is cool! " Fan Chunhai recalled.

樊春海在南京大学读书时，生物化学系就有浓郁的学科交叉氛围，系里的口号是“学不好化学，就做不好生物化学”。我国生物制药技术研发的开拓者之一，肝素、尿激酶工业的创始人朱德煦时任系主任，中国科学院院士、生命分析化学概念的创导者和生命分析化学国家重点实验室创始人陈洪渊的博士李根喜在生物化学系任教，樊春海在研究生期间得到他们的指导，在生物化学和生命分析化学两条学术传承线的交叉点起步，从事电化学生物传感器的研究，这在当时属于前沿交叉学科。

在前沿学科里不断前进，必须更多地了解国际上的科研动态，“我读书那会儿，经常需要看国外文献，遗憾的是那时看到的文献会滞后至少半年。”樊春海偶然读到《先进材料》（Advanced Materials）杂志对圣塔芭芭拉加州大学（UCSB）艾伦？黑格（Alan J. Heeger）教授（诺贝尔化学奖获得者）的专访文章。文章中黑格表示，自己在获诺贝尔奖后希望做一些以往不敢做的事，比如生物学，特别是生物传感方面的研究。樊春海内心有种一拍即合的快感，随即就向黑格教授申请了博士后，并最终获得认可。

Allen? Haig is a professor in the Department of Physics, but he always advocates interdisciplinary research. Many years later, Professor Haig said modestly in a speech in China: "I knew nothing about biology at that time, even the most basic knowledge such as DNA molecular structure was taught by Chunhai."

"Studying in a Nobel Prize winner’s laboratory, the vision of seeing problems and the way to deal with problems are very different from those in an ordinary laboratory." Fan Chunhai admits that when he was working as a postdoctoral fellow, he realized a deeper connotation about interdisciplinary. Working in Haig’s laboratory, Fan Chunhai had to carry out multiple scientific research projects at the same time, which once overwhelmed him. "You just pick the most important thing to do." This sentence of the tutor made Fan Chunhai enlightened, and he still often guides him to make judgments.

Under the guidance of Professor Haig, Fan Chunhai has made some research progress, and related research work has been published in authoritative magazines such as Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS). Among them, an electrochemical DNA biosensor named E-DNA has been developed, which has been widely praised by international peers. American Chemical Society C&E News rated it as one of the important chemical progress in 2003.

The postdoctoral experience has greatly broadened Fan Chunhai’s horizons and strengthened his confidence in interdisciplinary research. At that time, China was in the initial stage of discipline construction and needed a lot of new blood. In January 2004, Fan Chunhai joined sinap with the support of the "Hundred Talents Program" of China Academy of Sciences. Coincidentally, the day when he joined the defense was the day when the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Light Source Project undertaken by the Institute was approved after ten years of hard preparation. This internationally advanced synchrotron radiation light source was completed in only five years. The scientists who participated in the project are not afraid of hardships and hard work, and are praised as "Shanghai Light Source Spirit". In the past five years, under the inspiration of "Shanghai Light Source Spirit", Fan Chunhai built a laboratory from scratch.

In 2008, Fan Chunhai and others established a physical biology laboratory and set up a multidisciplinary research team integrating physics, chemistry and biology. This unique interdisciplinary research atmosphere not only enabled the biosensor research to advance rapidly, but also broadened more frontier research directions. In 2016, the important achievement of the laboratory, "Research on Mechanism, Regulation and Application of Biomolecular Interface", won the second prize of National Natural Science.

In recent years, Fan Chunhai’s team has applied biosensing probes detected in vitro to cells, and is committed to developing frame nucleic acid cell imaging technology. "It doesn’t matter what technology you use, physics or chemistry, or nanotechnology. What matters is that you find some new methods and use some new technologies to observe and decipher the mysteries of life."

"Individual growth cannot be separated from excellent collectives"

Fan Chunhai always appreciates the strength of the collective. Whether it is the study and life in middle schools and universities or the scientific research work, Fan Chunhai believes that the excellent collective has given him the motivation for personal growth.

He recalled that he was never the best student in middle school. "I am a person who knows by learning, not a person who knows by birth." In high school, many of my classmates were excellent. Everyone always discussed problems harmoniously and equally, forming a rich learning atmosphere. Under the professional guidance of teachers, everyone was growing and making progress. In the end, the whole class handed over an excellent answer sheet in the college entrance examination. "

There is such a collective star effect in scientific research, such as the famous Cavendish laboratory, which has trained more than 20 Nobel Prize winners in the past 100 years. "So scientific research has never been alone, and the progress of each group cannot be separated from individual efforts, and the growth of individuals cannot be separated from an excellent group." Fan Chunhai said.

At the beginning of this century, the scientific research conditions in Chinese universities were still relatively difficult, and the information was not as developed as it is now. It was the dream of many analytical chemists in China to be able to publish papers in Analytical Chemistry in the United States. At that time, only Mr. Chen Hongyuan in Nanjing University published papers in this magazine. Fan Chunhai published a paper in Analytical Chemistry as the first author under the guidance of his tutors, and achieved a breakthrough.

Interdisciplinary cooperation is also inseparable from the cooperation between scientists and the whole team. Fan Chunhai, deeply inspired by the "Shanghai Light Source Spirit", hopes to do the same internationally influential research work in Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Mr. Li Mingan and researcher Hu Jun are early explorers in the cross-research of nano-organisms in China. With their guidance and help, Fan Chunhai gradually made it clear that DNA nanotechnology is the starting point to form research characteristics.

DNA nanotechnology is to use the excellent self-assembly and recognition ability of DNA molecules as a nano-material to achieve accurate nano-construction. In 2006, the nano-scale "Map of China" assembled by DNA molecules was successfully created and published in both Chinese and English editions of Science Bulletin, which made an international appearance with China characteristics and became the second published work in the frontier cross field of "DNA origami", which was jointly completed by Fan Chunhai, Hu Jun and Academician He Lin of Shanghai Jiaotong University.

After years of accumulation, Fan Chunhai’s team developed a new method to induce nano-scale precise mineralization by DNA self-assembly structure, which improved the mechanical properties of DNA nano-structure while maintaining its exquisite design, and opened a new door for the construction and analysis of bionic nano-channels. This research achievement was published in the journal Nature, which achieved the first breakthrough in this field by researchers in China.

During the epidemic in COVID-19, due to the lack of Covid-19 RNA reference materials, the performance of nucleic acid detection kits could not be evaluated, and the competitiveness of high-quality domestic kits could not be strongly proved. Faced with this situation, with the deep participation and support of Fan Chunhai’s team, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Shanghai Institute of Metrology and Testing Technology jointly set up a research team and started the research and development project of Covid-19 RNA reference materials. After more than 40 days of repeated trials and improvements, two kinds of "novel coronavirus standard materials for RNA transcription in vitro" were successfully developed. These Covid-19 reference materials, like a "biological standard ruler", can help people to evaluate the indicators of the virus nucleic acid detection kit and help the detection laboratory to confirm the results, thus further reducing the probability of "false negative".

Facing the students from different majors in the team, Fan Chunhai advocates teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and effective guidance. "Students are not managed, but grow up freely under appropriate guidance. My task is to tap students’ interest in scientific research, help them establish correct values and lofty aspirations, and become firm supporters of students."

The road of scientific research has always been bumpy. The life of researchers is more like an ascetic monk to many people, but in their hearts, they are happy because of their love for science. In Fan Chunhai’s view, this happiness is not equal to comfort. He encourages students: "To do scientific research, we should be brave enough to go out of our comfort zone and challenge new things."

"Teamwork and independent thinking are equally important. I hope that every student can choose his own topic under the background of team research, and actively explore various possibilities without relying on authority." Despite his busy work, Fan Chunhai will try his best to take time to communicate with the students face to face, not sitting in danger, but full of relaxation and pleasure.

Fan Chunhai always tries his best to support and encourage students’ decisions and every attempt. Under his training, two students have been supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, and four postdoctoral students have been selected for the "Super Postdoctoral Program" in Shanghai in 2020.

Communication and cooperation promoted Fan Chunhai’s scientific research work, and also made him know Li Xinxin, chairman of the Shanghai Branch Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences of the Jiu San Society. The warmth of the Jiu San Society and the spirit of patriotism, democracy and science attracted him. In 2014, he joined the Jiu San Society.

After joining the club, Fan Chunhai successively served as deputy director and director of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Jiu San Society. Although his scientific research work is still busy, he will still find time to engage in popular science work. "Popular science work is actually a kind of inheritance. Whether it is exploring the unknown world or promoting the country’s scientific and technological development, it needs the efforts of generations. However, the concept of scientific research is not exactly the same as that of textbook education in primary and secondary schools. Our popular science work is not a simple strengthening of textbook knowledge, but a broader vision for children. "

In his mind, interests are hierarchical. The interests of primary and secondary school students are often in textbook knowledge and the use of known world knowledge, while real scientific talents need to keep their interest in exploring the unknown world. Spreading the seeds of science in children’s little hearts will not only keep them interested in exploring the unknown world, but also make the city form an atmosphere of obeying and respecting science, which is also the future light of the construction of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Center.

Looking back on his own growth experience, Fan Chunhai said with emotion: the cultivation of quality is more important, and the knowledge learned by the school is constantly updated, and the quality cultivated by the school will accompany people all their lives, and good quality will push people forward.

Good quality also made Fan Chunhai on his way to school recognized by teachers. "I am very relieved about what I have told him. No matter whether I get satisfactory results or lessons from failure after completion, he will definitely reply to me and have a serious discussion with me." Professor Li Genxi said of his students, "He is patient in learning and can hold his breath. Once his goal is set, he will be firm and forge ahead. His success is no accident."

In the interview, Fan Chunhai rarely talked about specific difficulties, because he believed that difficulties always existed, and problems could be solved as long as he worked hard and was good at learning and observing. In the communication with his students, Fan Chunhai has always conveyed a belief: optimistic and unyielding. "The development of science is not a full stop, but a comma. The success of scientific research depends on whether you have the courage to face failure and the determination to be more frustrated on the road of exploration. I hope that all students can work hard for the scientific dream of mankind."

It has been nearly thirty years since I entered the university and contacted the interdisciplinary subject of biochemistry. Along the way, Fan Chunhai has grown from an ignorant teenager to an internationally renowned scientist: he was selected as a Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), American Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE), international society of electrochemistry (ISE) and royal society of chemistry (RSC), and concurrently served as the deputy editor of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Journal of American Chemical Society. Co-chairman of the editorial board of ChemPlusChem, royal society of chemistry, has been selected as a "global highly cited scientist" continuously since 2014. In 2019, he was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences, and won the ho leung ho lee foundation Science and Technology Innovation Award, the American Chemical Society’s Lecture Award for Progress in Measurement Science and the 12th Tan Jiazhen Life Science Innovation Award, and in 2020, he was awarded the title of "National Advanced Worker".

Faced with many honors, Fan Chunhai said calmly: "It is curiosity, responsibility and initial heart that lead me to climb to the peak on the road of science." In the future, he said that he will continue to keep his initial heart and forge ahead, lead students to "look up at the stars, be down-to-earth, persevere and make contributions for a long time", constantly explore the frontiers of science, and make due efforts to promote the scientific and technological progress of the country and society.

Fan Chunhai’s goal is to promote his basic research work to clinical application and protect human health. After joining the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Fan Chunhai built the laboratory of "Framework Nucleic Acid Design and Nano-medical Diagnosis and Treatment" based on the newly completed national major scientific and technological infrastructure of translational medicine, and devoted himself to transforming and applying the developed new methods of nucleic acid analysis and detection to clinic. In particular, he received the full support of Academician Tan Weihong, Dean of the Institute of Molecular Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and actively carried out clinical cooperation in Renji Hospital, trying to apply biosensors to the detection of practical clinical samples such as prostate cancer, and exploring the possibility of developing low-cost medical detection.

"The road is long and Xiu Yuan is awkward, and I will search up and down." Fan Chunhai is still moving forward on the road of seeking. In 2019, in order to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the publication, "Nature? The magazine Nature Chemistry specially invited more than 50 internationally renowned scholars to write a monograph on "The Road to Chemistry". As one of them, Fan Chunhai raised a challenging question in the field of chemistry: "An exciting frontier of the discipline is to understand how artificially designed nucleic acid structures are assembled and function in living cells and animals. Creating new tools to control the assembly process of natural and artificial nucleic acid molecules in living cells will probably bring revolutionary changes to the field of nucleic acid chemistry, thus promoting the development of nano-diagnosis and treatment and precision medicine. In the longer term, another promising research direction is to explore and develop DNA or RNA robots with artificial intelligence and work in animals and humans. " (Huang yun)

　　Cctv news Since its official unveiling in November 2020, Shenzhen Trading Group Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen Public Resource Trading Center) has run out of the "Shenzhen Acceleration" on the road of deepening the reform of public resources. In 2022, the transaction scale reached 1.54 trillion yuan, a new high.

　　It is understood that as of December 31, 2022, the total assets of Shenzhen Trading Group increased by 43.6%, the net assets increased by 16.3%, the operating income increased by 37.92% year-on-year, and the types of transactions increased from 18 in 2020 to 27, which accumulated 140 billion yuan for market players.

　　The deepening of reform has achieved remarkable results and led the demonstration role to give full play.

　　The reform of public resources continued to deepen. Shenzhen Public Resource Trading Center voluntarily lowered the charging standard, and the institutional transaction cost was reduced by nearly 300 million yuan; High-quality completion of the three-year action goal of state-owned enterprise reform, which was rated as A in two rounds of assessment by Shenzhen SASAC, was informed of praise.

　　Promote a more optimized business environment. Shenzhen government procurement, bidding and tendering ranked first in Guangdong’s business environment evaluation for two consecutive years, and "political mining loan" was selected as one of the top ten demonstration cases of Shenzhen’s business environment optimization. Shenzhen took the lead in realizing the full-process service of electronic business licenses in both construction projects and government procurement, and the political mining business was the first in the country to be "one photo for all"; Take the lead in promoting BIM bidding application in housing construction, municipal and water engineering in China.

　　The effectiveness of the "four services" has become increasingly prominent. Shenzhen Public Resource Trading Center has innovated the purchasing mode of epidemic prevention materials by "adopting separation", which effectively guarantees the supply of epidemic prevention materials. High-quality public bidding project for bulk food procurement in the education system (schools) in 10 districts of the city was carried out, benefiting about one million students and faculty in 1,500 schools. Help the government effectively resolve the hidden dangers of production safety and financial debt risks, and complete the task of "guaranteeing the delivery of the building". The bidding for medical consumables and cars won the "Top Ten Creative Projects" and "Top 100 Citizen Satisfaction Projects" of the 19th Caring Action in Shenzhen.

　　Digital transformation has achieved a major breakthrough. The first phase of the "hot wheels" digital planning implementation project of Shenzhen Trading Group was successfully launched, and the second phase entered the market in an all-round way, moving towards a new stage of "digital application innovation". In 2022, Shenzhen Trading Group was shortlisted in the pilot list of "Digital Archives of Enterprise Groups" of the National Archives Bureau, and it was the only state-owned enterprise in Shenzhen that won an award.

　　The development of the platform has been upgraded, and the national radiation capacity has been further improved.

　　The business map continues to expand. In November, 2022, Shenzhen Data Exchange was unveiled, with 9 technical specifications and 61 trading scenarios, with a transaction amount exceeding 1.2 billion yuan, leading the country. Shenzhen Trading Group invested in the establishment of three subsidiaries, namely, Trading Research Institute, Shenzhiyi and Ocean Resources Trading. Shenguozhao changed its name to Shenconsulting Group and acquired 51% equity of Shenshan Bidding Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Shenshan Special Cooperation Zone.

　　Market expansion is remarkable. As the second batch of results of the comprehensive reform experiment of regional state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, the Sunshine Procurement Intelligent Supervision Platform was promoted to the whole country by the leading group for the reform of state-owned enterprises in the State Council. Shenzhen cooperated with the state-owned enterprises in Shanxi Province to establish Shanxi Jinshen Trading Company, and the "Jinshen Model" expanded in different places took shape, and continued to export advanced achievements of the financing platform in Heilongjiang and Jiangsu. We have established cooperative relations with many national industry associations, local governments, financial institutions, large central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises, and the "circle of friends" has gradually expanded. The relevant experience of issuing carbon emission quotas by competitive bidding has been used for reference by Beijing, Shanghai and other places and has been highly concerned by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

　　The quantity and quality of platform construction have increased. The financing platform accumulated 178.526 billion yuan of transactions, helping state-owned enterprises to increase revenue and reduce expenditure by 1.017 billion yuan. Successfully completed the construction and operation of major resources development, marine resources trading, sunshine leasing, sunshine property trading, building materials inquiry and other platforms. On-line project loan, fixed asset loan and credit loan business, the first financing of Baoan grain depot construction project saved 70 million yuan for enterprises, effectively solving the problem of "difficult, expensive and slow financing" for small and medium-sized enterprises. Two earthwork disposal projects in Baoan District were successfully completed, with an average premium of over 500%, realizing "turning stone into gold".

　　Internal innovation promotes optimization, and "double lifelines" run through management from beginning to end

　　Integrity and compliance have been comprehensively promoted. Shenzhen Trading Group established a compliance construction leading group and a compliance and risk management committee, innovatively introduced a "1+1+N" compliance system and established a "three lines of defense". Carry out three consecutive "Clean Culture Festival" activities to create a brand with clean culture characteristics. Successfully launched the first phase of the sunshine supervision platform project, and the function of "one-stop supervision platform for the whole industry" was more perfect; Formulate guidelines for compliance management of government procurement, construction project bidding and collective factor trading business; Initiated the establishment of "Shenzhen Enterprise Compliance Association" in the name of the vice-president unit, and became a pilot evaluation enterprise for integrity and compliance governance in Shenzhen.

　　The quality of service continued to improve. It was completed and delivered to the headquarters building of Shenzhen Trading Group six months in advance, and the total factor trading area reached 100,000 square meters. Successfully held the first service quality achievement conference, issued the first annual service quality evaluation survey report, and the internal and external satisfaction increased; Successfully completed the price negotiation of four batches of eight varieties of medical consumables, with the highest drop of 95.8% in the selected products and the savings exceeding 70 million yuan; Fully escort the PPP procurement project of the reconstruction and expansion project of Shenhai Expressway to help expand Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s traffic advantages.

　　Talent empowerment is optimized and upgraded. Shenzhen Trading Group formulated the Three-year Action Plan for Talent Development (2022-2024), implemented the talent inventory project, and promoted the establishment of an institutional mechanism of accurately recognizing talents, actively cultivating talents, scientifically using talents, and keeping talents with heart. In the whole year, it conducted more than 110 trainings of various types, with a total of 6,671 trainees. (Reporter Liu Yu correspondent Zhang Shuangmei Chen Yueyue)

　　There are three ways to upgrade the sogou input method: 【 Manual Update 】 means not to update, and click 【 Update Now 】 to update yourself. [Prompt Update] is to prompt when there is a new version. Automatic update is to download and install the updated new version automatically when a new version is found.

　　Sogou input method is a Chinese Pinyin input method recently launched by Sohu, which is a great breakthrough compared with Intelligent ABC and Microsoft Pinyin input method. First of all, it has increased a lot in the thesaurus. The sogou input method includes the most popular phrases, including the names of famous stars, into the thesaurus by analyzing a large number of web pages, so that the phenomenon that commonly used phrases can’t be typed is no longer seen. Secondly, the interface has also been greatly improved. Chinese characters will be automatically displayed below the typed letters, and it is no longer necessary to press the space bar. More convenient input and faster typing speed are the main features of sogou input method.

　　Sogou input method is different from the traditional method in that it adopts search engine technology, which is the second generation input method. Thanks to the adoption of search engine technology, the speed has made a qualitative leap, and sogou is far ahead of other input methods in terms of the breadth of thesaurus and the accuracy of words.

　　The biggest feature of sogou input method is the combination of input method and Internet. The input method will automatically update its own popular thesaurus, which is derived from the popular keywords of sogou search engine. In this way, the workload of users’ self-created words is reduced and the efficiency is improved.

In the 1970s, the international situation changed rapidly, and a new situation appeared in China’s foreign relations. In 1974, Mao Zedong made a new judgment on the international pattern and put forward a strategic idea of dividing the three worlds.

From a "middle zone" to "two middle zones"

The strategic thought of dividing the three worlds contains profound thinking and long-term exploration of the international pattern, which comes from the theory of "middle zone"

Regarding the division of international pattern, Mao Zedong first put forward a theory of "middle zone". After World War II, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union deteriorated, and a full-scale civil war broke out between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. It was impossible for Mao Zedong to put China on the road of new democracy through peaceful and democratic means. At the critical moment of the situation transformation, Mao Zedong put forward the theory of "two camps" and "one middle ground" in the summer of 1946. He believes that the post-war world is divided into a peaceful and democratic camp headed by the socialist Soviet Union and a reactionary camp headed by American imperialist forces; There is a vast middle zone between the United States and the Soviet Union, which is composed of many capitalist countries and colonial and semi-colonial countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. The realistic problem facing the world after the war is that the United States is trying to control and invade countries in the middle zone, including China. This theory makes a unique division of various international political forces, points out China’s position in the world, and clarifies the relationship between friends and enemies of the China Revolution in the world. Since then, when the China Revolution is about to win, this theory naturally leads to the conclusion of "one-sided" to the socialist Soviet Union.

Since then, with the changes in the international situation and surrounding environment, Mao Zedong has put forward the strategy of "two intermediate zones". In the early 1960s, the international movements of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America against imperialism and colonialism, striving for and safeguarding national independence continued to rise, and the internal contradictions in the capitalist world continued to develop. Judging from China’s foreign relations, Sino-US relations continue to be tense, and Sino-Soviet relations are on the verge of rupture. From the end of 1963 to the beginning of 1964, Mao Zedong put forward the strategy of striving for "two intermediate zones". He divided the "middle zone" into two parts, one part refers to the underdeveloped countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and the other part refers to capitalist countries and eastern European countries except the United States. Mao Zedong pointed out that these two parts are opposed to American control, while eastern European countries are opposed to Soviet control. Mao Zedong believes that in the process of confronting the two great powers, China should unite the two middle areas as much as possible. The strategy of "two intermediate zones" has relieved China’s external pressure to some extent. In 1964, China and France broke through the barriers of different ideologies and social systems and formally established diplomatic relations. During this period, China’s relations with African and Arab countries have also developed significantly.

The changes in Sino-US relations have caused a chain reaction.

In the early 1970s, the foundation of tripartite relations between China, the United States and the Soviet Union changed significantly, and the trend towards multipolarity in the world gradually emerged. Mao Zedong began to re-examine the new international situation and China’s foreign relations, and put forward the strategic idea of "three worlds" division.

Since the late 1960s, new changes have taken place in the international pattern. First of all, the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union has changed, from the dominance of the United States to a balance of power, and the position of the United States among Western allies has also weakened. Secondly, western Europe and Japan are gradually reviving, and the centrifugal tendency of eastern European countries towards the Soviet Union is also developing. Finally, China has gradually become an independent and important political force on the international stage, and the power and influence of other Asian, African and Latin American countries have also further increased. During this period, China’s foreign relations have undergone major changes. On the one hand, the border conflict between China and the Soviet Union in 1969 and the nuclear threat of the Soviet Union since then made Mao Zedong deeply feel the seriousness of national security issues. On the other hand, China and the United States began to ease their relations out of consideration for their respective national security. In the spring of 1971, "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" kicked off the relaxation of Sino-US relations. In February of the following year, President Nixon visited Beijing, and the process of Sino-American reconciliation started. In October 1971, the 26th United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to restore China’s lawful seat in the United Nations, and then the climax of the establishment of diplomatic relations between countries and China appeared. With the relaxation of Sino-US relations, the Soviet Union has become the biggest and most direct threat to China. In 1973, Mao Zedong put forward the strategic idea of "one line" and "one large area", hoping to establish a United front from Japan through Europe to the United States.

With the rapid development of international situation and China’s foreign relations, Mao Zedong put forward the strategic idea of dividing three worlds. In February 1974, when talking with Zambian President kaunda, Mao Zedong first put forward the strategic idea of dividing the three worlds. He pointed out: "I think the United States and the Soviet Union are the first world. The centrists, Japan, Europe, Australia and Canada, are the second world. We are the third world. " He also said: "The third world has a large population. Asia is a third world except Japan. All of Africa is the third world, and Latin America is also the third world. " According to the division of Mao Zedong, China belongs to the third world, so it is necessary to strengthen unity with third world countries and strive for unity with second world countries; Among the two superpowers in the first world, they mainly develop relations with the United States and concentrate on opposing the hegemonism of the Soviet Union.

On April 6, 1974, at the proposal of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping led a delegation from China to attend the sixth special session of the United Nations General Assembly. This is the first time that a People’s Republic of China (PRC) leader has attended a United Nations meeting, which has attracted worldwide attention. On April 10th, in his speech at the conference, Deng Xiaoping comprehensively expounded Mao Zedong’s strategic thought on dividing the three worlds and China’s foreign policy. He emphasized that China is a socialist country and a developing country, and China belongs to the third world. The government of China and the people of China firmly support all the oppressed people and nations in their struggle for and maintenance of national independence, development of national economy and opposition to colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism. China is not and will never be a superpower. This has actually repositioned China’s international role and further clarified China’s corresponding international responsibilities.

Compared with the "two intermediate zones" strategy in the 1960s, the most obvious difference in the strategic thinking of the three worlds is to treat the Soviet Union at the same level as the United States. This change is based on the changes in the relations between China, the United States and the Soviet Union, uniting with the party that poses less threat to China and concentrating on preventing the main threat from China. In terms of ideological methods, the criteria for dividing the three worlds are no longer based on the nature of class and society, but mainly on comprehensive national strength. It enables people to clearly see the position of countries in the world in international political and economic relations.

Expanded the stage of China’s diplomatic activities.

The strategic thought of dividing the three worlds is the result of Mao Zedong’s long-term deliberation, which has great significance and far-reaching influence on China’s foreign strategy and foreign relations.

The strategic thought of dividing the three worlds is based on Mao Zedong’s scientific judgment on the international situation and accurate understanding of the international pattern. It is saturated with Mao Zedong’s long-term political experience in international struggle and is the development of Mao Zedong’s United front theory under the new situation. The strategic thought of dividing the three worlds reveals the main characteristics of the development of the world situation at that time and the basic pattern of the strength comparison among countries in the world, and determines China’s international status and strategic goals from the historical, realistic and strategic significance. This thought has long been the theoretical basis and main basis of China’s foreign strategy, and its role and influence continued until the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the disappearance of bipolar confrontation and the overall change of the original international pattern.

Under the guidance of Mao Zedong’s strategic thought of dividing three worlds, China’s diplomatic work has made a comprehensive breakthrough. China broke through the pattern of "two camps", implemented the policy of "one line" and "one large area", persisted in opposing the hegemonism and the threat of war of superpowers, worked hard to normalize Sino-US relations, actively improved relations with second world countries, and vigorously developed friendly cooperation with third world countries and other types of countries. From 1970 to 1976, China successively established diplomatic relations with 61 countries, and more than 110 countries established diplomatic relations with China, including most countries in the world at that time. This completely broke the diplomatic deadlock caused by China’s isolation and containment for a long time, greatly improved the international environment in China, and greatly expanded the scope of China’s diplomatic activities. At the same time, it also ensures that China can smoothly implement reform and opening up and participate in international affairs more extensively in the near future.

Author: Sun Yanling

Source: study times.

　　Conference video

　　At 10: 00 on January 9, 2023, the Information Office of the Provincial Government held a press conference on the prevention and control of Covid-19 infection in Henan Province.

　　Release content: Introduce and interpret the specific situation of implementing the "Class B and B Management" measures for novel coronavirus infection around "protecting health, preventing severe illness, strengthening treatment and providing excellent service", and answer the questions concerned by the media.

　　Published by:

　　Kanquancheng　Director of the Office of the Provincial Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee

　　Yao Yanling first-class inspector of the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology

　　Member and Deputy Director of the Party Group of Meng Lingwu Provincial Civil Affairs Department

　　Liu Baocang, deputy director of the Agricultural Office of the Provincial Party Committee, member of the Party Group and deputy director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

　　Second-level inspector of the Department of Transportation of Cuimei Province

　　Director of Hao Yibin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention

　　Ping Ping, Deputy Director of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee and Director of Information Office of Provincial Government

　　Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media,

　　Hello everyone! Welcome to the press conference held by the Information Office of Henan Provincial People’s Government.

　　At present, the epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19 in China has entered a new stage. Since January 8, 2023, novel coronavirus infection has been treated with "Class B and B management". Facing the new situation and new tasks, the provincial party committee and the provincial government attach great importance to it, emphasizing the need to thoroughly implement the important instructions of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on epidemic prevention and control, adhere to the people first, put life first, and make every effort to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control in the new stage in accordance with the requirements of "keeping health, preventing severe diseases, strengthening treatment and providing excellent services" and fully safeguard the health and safety of the people. In order to let everyone fully understand the relevant work, today, we held a press conference here, focusing on introducing and interpreting the overall situation of Covid-19’s prevention and control of infection, and answering media concerns.

　　First of all, let me introduce the publisher who attended today’s press conference:

　　Director of the Office of the Provincial Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters, Mr. Kan Quancheng, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee;

　　Mr. Yao Yanling, first-class inspector of the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology;

　　Mr. Meng Lingwu, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Provincial Civil Affairs Department;

　　Mr. Liu Baocang, deputy director of the Agricultural Office of the Provincial Party Committee, member of the Party Group and deputy director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;

　　Ms. Cui Mei, the second inspector of the Provincial Department of Transportation;

　　Mr. Hao Yibin, Director of the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　Next, please give Mr. Kan Quancheng a briefing.

　　Director of the Office of the Provincial Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee.

　　Dear media friends:

　　Hello everyone! Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the provincial party committee and government have always adhered to the principle of putting people first and life first, resolutely implemented the major requirements of "preventing the epidemic, stabilizing the economy and ensuring safe development", United and led the whole province to effectively coordinate the epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, and optimized the prevention and control measures and improved the prevention and control capabilities in light of the epidemic development situation in different periods and stages. It has formed a series of effective prevention and control policy systems, firmly grasped the initiative in the fight against the epidemic, protected people’s lives and health to the greatest extent, and minimized the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development.

　　According to the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, since January 8, 2023, novel coronavirus infection has been adjusted from "Class B A tube" to "Class B tube". For the prevention and control of the epidemic in the new stage, the provincial party committee and the provincial government attach great importance to it and plan it as early as possible. Secretary Lou Yangsheng has given instructions for many times, made a special judgment and consultation, and clearly put forward the work requirements of "protecting health, preventing severe diseases, strengthening treatment and providing excellent services", and studied and formulated a series of prevention and control measures for optimization and adjustment; Governor Wang Kai made many field investigations and video scheduling, and made work arrangements. The provincial epidemic prevention and control headquarters issued the "Implementation Measures for Implementing the" Class B and B Management "of novel coronavirus Infection", so as to guide the demand for medical treatment in an orderly manner, fully protect the people’s demand for medical treatment, and ensure the overall social stability. The main work is as follows:

　　First, adjust and optimize the command system. According to the development of the situation and the change of tasks, the provincial epidemic prevention and control headquarters has adjusted its organizational structure to "one running nine special classes": the provincial health and wellness commission undertakes the daily work of the provincial prevention and control office, and implements daily research and scheduling and weekly monitoring and analysis; Set up nine special classes for medical treatment, medical materials supply, rural areas, monitoring and judgment, transportation, education, civil affairs, women and children, and safety and stability, implement special personnel to take charge of it, and link joint prevention and control to play the roles of medical care, supply, smoothness, stability, security and demand. Adhere to the "provincial overall planning, city dispatching, county and township implementation", implement the regional coordination mechanism in the province, and connect with the provincial guidance group, further improving the working mechanism of overall planning and up-and-down linkage in the province.

　　Second, closely monitor the epidemic situation. According to the community monitoring data, as of January 6, 2023, the infection rate in Covid-19 was 89.0%, including 89.1% in urban areas and 88.9% in rural areas. At this stage, the most prevalent strain is Omicron BA.5.2 mutant. From the data of fever clinic, the number of patients reached a peak on December 19th, 2022, and then showed a continuous downward trend. According to the comprehensive judgment, our province has successfully passed the peak of the epidemic and achieved a smooth and orderly transition. It is estimated that by the end of this month, the number of new infections per day will remain at a low level.

　　Third, do a good job in classified medical treatment. The first is to grasp the first diagnosis. All the 942 hospitals above the second level in the province have fever clinics, and all the 2556 township hospitals and community health service centers have fever clinics (outpatient clinics), so that they should be set up and open all the time, and receive consultations 24 hours a day to ensure that the people can get medical treatment in time when they are nearby. The second is to grasp the treatment. Hospitals above the second level open all campuses, wards, wards, and treat patients with Covid-19 infection, so as to collect all the receivables and cure them. Improve the linkage mechanism between outpatient and emergency departments and wards, and give priority to high-risk patients. As of January 7, the utilization rate of beds in hospitals above the second level in the province was 94.95%, and the utilization rate of critically ill beds was 82.35%. There was no serious medical run. The third is to grasp the emergency department. Establish a graded response mechanism of emergency command center, and take measures such as reforming the command and dispatch system, expanding lines, adding dispatching seats, increasing the reserve of dispatchers, and classifying emergency calls to ensure the smooth flow of emergency service hotline. The answering rate of emergency calls in 10 seconds in the province is 98.6%, and the leaving rate in 3 minutes is 99.5%. The fourth is to grasp security. Give full play to the role of Internet hospitals, conduct online consultation, send medicines free of charge, and provide convenience services through multiple channels to meet the needs of the masses. In the case of increasing infection and decreasing flow of people, we have actively organized party and government organs, enterprises and institutions to donate blood for free, and the blood reserve for clinical use has reached 7 days.

　　Fourth, efforts should be made to strengthen health services in rural areas. According to the deployment of the video dispatching meeting of the provincial party Committee on rural epidemic prevention and control, we will earnestly achieve "five full coverage". First, the fever clinic is fully covered in rural areas. All community and rural medical and health institutions accept patients with fever, accounting for more than 90% of the patients. The second is the full coverage of symptomatic treatment drugs. Explore the promotion of drug distribution directly to the countryside, and dynamically reserve Chinese medicine, antipyretic and cough-relieving drugs, antigen detection kits in township hospitals and village clinics to ensure the right medicine and standardized medication. The third is the full coverage of the door-to-door consultation of special people. Implement grid management, find out the health status of the elderly, pregnant women, left-behind children and other groups with basic diseases, and provide health monitoring, medication guidance, antigen testing and other services through telephone, video and offline follow-up to ensure that care and warmth are sent to the hearts of the masses. The fourth is the security coverage of the third-level hospital. Delineate the scope of responsibility of tertiary general hospitals (including traditional Chinese medicine hospitals), implement lump-sum responsibility, clarify and smooth the green channel for referral, and treat severe and critical patients. 425 secondary and tertiary hospitals provide counterpart support to township health centers, and 6,390 doctors are assisted by stationing or visiting clinics to guide the medical treatment and classified health services of township health centers on the spot. Fifth, the patriotic health campaign covers all urban and rural areas. Innovatively carry out the "one science popularization and six actions", further promote urban and rural environmental sanitation management, guide the broad masses of people to enhance their awareness of protection, develop good hygiene habits, build a healthy defense line, and be the first person responsible for their own health. The health literacy level of residents in the province has reached 29.37%.

　　At present, with the approach of the Spring Festival, the flow of people has increased, and the number of returnees has increased. The prevention and control of epidemic situation should continue to be strengthened. We will thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government, fully implement the overall plan of "Class B and Class B Management", resolutely stick to the bottom line of medical treatment, earnestly safeguard people’s health and safety, and provide a strong health guarantee for the province’s economic and social development.

　　Let me introduce these first, thank you!

　　Ping Ping, Deputy Director of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee and Director of Information Office of Provincial Government

　　Thank you, Director Kan, for your detailed release! Next, please ask the reporter friends to ask questions. As a rule, please inform the news organizations you represent before asking questions.

　　People’s Daily People’s Daily reporter

　　As mentioned in the release just now, at this stage, we should focus on "protecting health, preventing severe illness, strengthening treatment and providing excellent service". What specific measures have Henan taken to expand medical treatment resources and strengthen medical treatment? Thank you.

　　Director of the Office of the Provincial Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee.

　　Thank you for your concern about the medical treatment of Covid-19 infection. The focus of epidemic prevention and control in the new stage lies in medical treatment. Although the current peak of infection has passed, it is still at the peak of severe treatment. The Provincial Health and Wellness Committee co-ordinates the medical treatment resources in the province, highlights the "three key points" (namely, rural areas, pension and social welfare institutions, and elderly people with serious basic diseases), and goes all out to do a good job in medical treatment to ensure a smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control.

　　First, do everything possible to expand critically ill beds. Hospitals above the second level in the province tap the internal potential, and adopt measures such as strengthening the establishment of new wards, emergency addition of respiratory wards, emergency extra beds in various wards, and transformation of ordinary wards into severe wards to expand the total beds and intensive care beds. From December 10, 2022 to January 7, 2023, the total number of beds in hospitals above the second level in the province increased from 393,301 to 545,119, and the number of ICU beds increased from 13,635 to 21,771, which provided a strong guarantee for medical treatment.

　　Second, many channels purchase much-needed equipment. The provincial government urgently allocated 600 million yuan for medical institutions to expand critically ill beds and purchase urgently needed equipment by means of awards instead of subsidies. There CRRT 7,750 original invasive ventilators, 1,166 new ones and 1,932 new ones, 4,585 original noninvasive ventilators, 674 new ones and 1,141 new ones, 71,592 original monitors, 3,612 new ones and 4,649 new ones, and 2,645 original high-flow oxygen inhalers, 1,000 new ones and 1,765 new ones.

　　Third, systematic and efficient training of medical staff. Organized provincial experts in critical care medicine, respiratory medicine, emergency medicine, pediatrics, neonatal intensive care, clinical nutrition and rehabilitation medicine to produce 59 special training courses with a cumulative duration of 1,727 minutes, and conducted online training through the platform of medical and health newspapers and Henan appointment registration platform. After training, medical staff from other departments in medical institutions supported respiratory department, infectious department and intensive care department, and the number of medical staff in intensive care increased from 26,134 to 33,171.

　　The fourth is to coordinate and treat critically ill patients. According to the principle of zoning, all localities and cities delimit the scope of responsibility for each tertiary general hospital, which is responsible for treating the elderly patients with Covid-19 infection. At the same time, a special class for dispatching critically ill patients was set up to grasp the daily medical conditions, inpatients, critically ill patients and other data of medical institutions above the second level in the jurisdiction in real time, and accurately dispatch the hospitalization and transfer of critically ill patients to ensure that all receivables are collected and all should be cured.

　　The fifth is to comprehensively carry out guidance and consultation. Seventeen medical treatment guidance groups were set up, and 68 provincial experts were organized to go to various places, and went deep into 59 counties, 104 medical institutions above the second level, 64 county-level hospitals, 82 township hospitals and community health service centers, 77 village clinics, 30 pharmacies, 31 nursing homes and social welfare institutions, and 3 municipal emergency medical rescue command centers, focusing on the treatment of critically ill patients. Establish a provincial expert consultation mechanism, arrange provincial experts in critical illness, respiratory, traditional Chinese medicine and other related disciplines to rotate in groups, provide remote consultation services online, give technical guidance to the treatment of complex critical cases at the grassroots level, and improve the standardized and homogeneous treatment level of severe patients.

　　Sixth, give full play to the role of traditional Chinese medicine. A 93-member expert group on TCM treatment was set up to optimize the TCM treatment plan, improve the treatment process, and strengthen the province’s TCM treatment guidance and coordinated intensive consultation between Chinese and Western medicine. At the same time, we have done a good job in the treatment of Chinese medicine at the grassroots level. At present, we have completed 150,000 online trainings on Chinese medicine treatment. We will promote the storage of major Chinese medicines in various places, encourage hospitals to develop Chinese medicine preparations, and promote 76 Chinese medicine preparations throughout the province to fully protect the people’s demand for Chinese medicine services. thank you

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　Drugs for treatment in COVID-19 have always been a common concern and an important link in epidemic prevention and control. It is understood that the first domestically produced COVID-19 oral drug, Azvudine, was independently developed by Henan enterprises and its production base is in Henan. In the face of the current contradiction between supply and demand of drugs, how can Henan do a good job in ensuring the production of Azif tablets? thank you

　　Yao Yanling, first-class inspector of the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology

　　Thank you for your question. After the approval of the application for registration of azvudine tablets to increase the treatment indications in COVID-19, whether the drug can meet the national market demand under the current situation of epidemic prevention and control has become a common concern of the public. Azvudine tablet is the first domestic oral small molecule Covid-19 pneumonia drug officially approved for marketing. It was jointly developed by the research team of Professor Chang Junbiao, a Henan scientist, and Henan Real Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and completed the phase III clinical trial against Covid-19 in May 2022, and was approved for conditional marketing by National Medical Products Administration on July 25th. The production of this drug involves two main links: bulk drug and preparation tabletting. Among them, the raw material medicine is produced by Xinxiang Pharmaceutical, and the preparation tablet has now formed a large-scale production base consisting of Pingdingshan production base, Peking Union Medical College and China Resources Shuanghe, and has distributed 8.53 million copies of azithromycin tablets, with an inventory of 2.07 million copies.

　　The provincial party committee and government attach great importance to the production guarantee work of Azfuding. Lou Yangsheng, secretary of the provincial party committee, and Wang Kai, governor of Azfuding, have listened to the work reports and made instructions for many times, and put forward clear requirements. Before the drug went on the market, our province set up the Azvudine production guarantee special class led by the provincial government, with the participation of the provincial department of industry and information technology, the provincial health and wellness commission, the provincial food and drug administration and other relevant departments and bureaus, and the Pingdingshan municipal government and Xinxiang municipal government, and carried out the whole process and whole chain scheduling around the marketing permission, production preparation, factor deployment, expansion plan, etc., so as to help and coordinate and solve the difficulties and problems encountered by Xinxiang Pharmaceutical, a real biological and Azvudine raw material drug manufacturer. After the promulgation of the "New Ten Articles" for national epidemic prevention and control, the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology presided over a dispatch meeting for key enterprises such as Real Biology and Xinxiang Pharmaceutical to mobilize enterprises to increase production and supply, prompting them to cope with the peak of drug use. On December 16, they organized a factory-based working group to enter the factory to provide services, comprehensively solve various problems encountered by enterprises, and help enterprises reach full production as soon as possible.

　　In the face of the current shortage of azvudine tablets, Real Bio has started full-load production 24 hours a day, without stopping work on holidays. With the strong support of the Provincial Health and Health Commission and the provincial drug supervision department, the existing three manufacturers have fully expanded their production and increased production, and on this basis, two new production bases of preparation tablets, such as Xinxiang Changle Pharmaceutical, have been added, and the production capacity of finished preparations has been comprehensively improved. It is estimated that the daily output will be close to 1.5 million in the second half of this month, which can basically meet the needs of severe treatment. Xinxiang Pharmaceutical Factory has a certain stock of raw materials. By the end of January, it can continue to supply 783kg of raw materials (21.92 million finished products can be produced), which can meet the needs of five finished pharmaceutical factories for tablet pressing. It is estimated that the stable production will exceed 1500kg per month by February (42 million finished preparations can be produced).

　　In the next step, we will strengthen cooperation with health departments, drug supervision departments, Pingdingshan Municipal Government and Xinxiang Municipal Government according to the deployment of the joint prevention and control mechanism of the provincial party committee, the provincial government and the State Council, relying on the special class of production guarantee for the key drug azifudine, and jointly solve related problems such as raw material supply and approval for capacity expansion. At the same time, relying on the in-factory service working group of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, we will strengthen the research and dispatch, provide capital, employment and other factors for production enterprises, help enterprises complete production tasks with good quality and quantity, ensure the stable supply of finished drugs and raw materials of azithromycin tablets, and contribute to building a barrier for epidemic prevention and control and protecting people’s health. Thank you!

　　Henan Daily reporter

　　The elderly are the key protection targets in epidemic prevention and control. What measures have been taken by the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee for the elderly population? Thank you.

　　Director of the Office of the Provincial Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee.

　　Thank you for your question. We always adhere to the people first and life first, and regard the elderly as the key protection object of epidemic prevention and control from beginning to end. After the epidemic prevention and control has entered a new stage, it is mainly to promote the "gateway forward", strengthen health management services by classification and grading, and protect people’s health and life safety to the greatest extent.

　　The first is to find out the base. To conduct a comprehensive survey on the health status of the elderly over 65 years old, and divide them into three categories, namely, high-risk population, medium-risk population and low-risk population, which are marked as red, yellow and green respectively, according to the factors such as their combined basic diseases and vaccination. As of January 7th, 12,834,200 people have been investigated in the province, including 1,007,900 high-risk people, accounting for 7.85%. There are 2,450,700 people at middle risk, accounting for 19.10%; The low-risk population is 9,375,600, accounting for 73.05%.

　　The second is to speed up vaccination. Take measures such as mobile vaccination vehicles entering the community, entering the old-age care institutions, and going to the countryside to enter the village to accelerate the vaccination of the elderly. As of January 7th, 13,720,200 people aged 60-79 in the whole province had been vaccinated, with a vaccination rate of 98.49%, and 10,806,300 people had been strengthened with a vaccination rate of 93.58%. People over 80 years old were vaccinated with 1,549,800 people in the whole process, with a vaccination rate of 93.25%, and 908,200 people were strengthened with a vaccination rate of 80.27%, which is at the leading level in the country.

　　The third is to strengthen health management. Relying on the 32,000 family doctors and 110,000 village doctors in the province, the high-risk population was followed up three times a week and the middle-risk population was followed up twice a week by means of telephone, WeChat, video and home visit. Follow-up health monitoring, medication guidance and consulting services for key populations, implement early intervention and strengthen early identification. Once the symptoms related to COVID-19’s infection are found, they should be referred to the doctor immediately to prevent serious illness.

　　The fourth is graded medical treatment. Township hospitals and community health service centers are generally able to carry out oxygen therapy services. Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Nanyang, Zhoukou, Luohe, Hebi and other places have transformed some nucleic acid huts into fever clinics to facilitate residents to seek medical treatment nearby. At the same time, relying on the medical community to do a good job of grading diagnosis and treatment, and establish a referral and transfer mechanism for critically ill patients. For elderly patients with severe tendency, they are directly referred to a general hospital at or above the second level.

　　In the next step, we will continue to take the elderly as the focus of epidemic prevention and control, adhere to the principle of "early detection, early identification, early intervention and early referral", give full play to the role of comprehensive management of grassroots organizations and professional services of grassroots medical and health institutions, further strengthen the health management and medical service guarantee of key populations, and strive to maintain health, prevent serious illness and reduce illness and death. Thank you.

　　China news service reporter

　　We know that the old-age care institutions, social welfare institutions and children’s welfare institutions are all elderly people, children and disabled people, and they belong to high-risk susceptible groups. I would like to know how the civil affairs departments arrange the deployment of epidemic prevention and control in these special places. Thank you.

　　Meng Lingwu, member and deputy director of the Provincial Civil Affairs Department.

　　Thank you for your concern for these special groups. There are 4,069 old-age care institutions (including social welfare institutions) and 36 children’s welfare institutions managed by the civil affairs departments of the province, including 138,000 elderly people and 3,624 children. Since the release of the "New Ten Articles" of the epidemic prevention and control policy, we have focused on strengthening the closed-loop management of "one old and one small" institutions, ensuring medical treatment and medication, and accelerating vaccination. The "one old and one small" institutions are relatively less affected by society, and the epidemic prevention and control situation is stable. There are four main measures taken:

　　The first is to comprehensively arrange deployment. Three-level special classes have been set up in the province, and civil affairs classes for epidemic prevention and control have been set up at the provincial level. At the city and county levels, special working groups led by government leaders in charge of civil affairs, and responsible comrades of civil affairs, health care, disease control and other units have been set up. The civil affairs system has set up a special class for "daily dispatch", issued nine guiding opinions, and clarified various measures such as medical security and vaccination. Dispatch and deploy regularly, and put forward 13 measures. The implementation of departmental leadership package supervision, daily scheduling since New Year’s day.

　　The second is strict closed-loop management. Specially, the work measures after the "second-class and second-class management" in the old-age care institutions were optimized and adjusted, and the workflow of changing shifts of staff, newly admitted elderly people and returning to the institutions after medical treatment was refined. For example, institutions with conditions are encouraged to provide accommodation, and staff members live in old-age care institutions. For those who really need to rotate their posts, the shift-changing staff will be changed at least 14 days, and the shift-changing staff will provide negative proof of antigen test (or nucleic acid test) twice within 48 hours before taking up their posts. At the same time, strictly implement physical and environmental protection measures to reduce risks from management.

　　The third is to refine the safeguard measures. Strengthen requirements for key links such as medical security, drug security and vaccination. In terms of medical security, it is clearly required that each old-age care institution should dock with a designated hospital at or above the second level, and establish a transshipment mechanism to directly refer the elderly at high risk in the old-age care institution to a tertiary general hospital once they are infected. At present, all institutions have established docking mechanisms and comprehensively improved emergency plans. In terms of material security, it is clearly required to treat the epidemic prevention medical materials of old-age care institutions and social welfare institutions as medical institutions and give priority to protection; Free distribution of antigens to the elderly at a frequency of not less than twice a week. The province has solved 868,000 pieces of medicines and materials for "one old and one small" institutions. In terms of vaccination, we take daily reports and send reminders to speed up the progress. The vaccination rate of the elderly without contraindications in the old-age care institutions in the province reached 97%, and the whole vaccination rate was 88.6%. Among them, the vaccination rate under 80 years old is 99.8%, and the whole vaccination rate is 93.3%.

　　The fourth is to actively solve problems. This year, we allocated 17.78 million yuan from the welfare lottery public welfare fund to purchase equipment subsidies such as epidemic prevention materials for old-age care institutions. All localities can purchase epidemic prevention equipment such as automatic thermometers, ultraviolet sterilizers and spray sterilizers, and epidemic prevention materials such as protective clothing, goggles and N95 masks. Together with eight departments, including finance, we have issued supporting policies to promote the recovery and development of the aged care service industry, and put forward 10 supporting measures, such as issuing temporary relief subsidies and reducing deferred rent. Jiaozuo, Kaifeng, Hebi and other cities distributed health kits, antigens, protective clothing and other materials to the old-age care institutions to help alleviate the difficulties of epidemic prevention.

　　After the "Class B Management", the "one old and one small" institutions will face the risk of infection in contact with the society. As the Spring Festival approaches, the prevention and control of epidemic situation in old-age care institutions in rural areas still needs attention. In the next step, the Provincial Department of Civil Affairs will attach great importance to the work of "early detection, early identification, early intervention and early referral" of infected persons in "one old and one small" institutions, effectively bring the old-age care institutions into the relevant working mechanism of "moving forward", coordinate the health and disease control departments to support the old-age care institutions to do a good job in prevention and emergency response, urge and guide the old-age care institutions to conscientiously implement relevant measures, and strengthen the dynamic service and "gateway" for key people in rural old-age care institutions. Thank you.

　　Henan TV reporter

　　The prevention and control of rural epidemic situation has always attracted everyone’s attention. We know that in order to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control in rural areas, our province has set up a special class for epidemic prevention and control in rural areas. I would like to know what work is mainly carried out to strengthen epidemic prevention and control and health services in rural areas at present and in the future. Thank you.

　　Liu Baocang, deputy director of the Provincial Agricultural Office, member of the party group and deputy director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

　　Thank you for your attention to our work. Our province attaches great importance to the prevention and control of epidemic situation in rural areas, and has established a special class for epidemic prevention and control in rural areas, which is responsible for the implementation of work responsibilities, the coordination of epidemic prevention policies, and the mobilization of grassroots organizations.

　　First, establish a five-level secretary to grasp the prevention and control mechanism of rural epidemic situation. Conscientiously implement the requirements of epidemic prevention and control in rural areas throughout the country, make overall planning in the province, dispatch in the city, implement in counties and villages, compact responsibilities at different levels, and do a good job in the current epidemic prevention and control in rural areas. At present, cities and counties have established special classes for epidemic prevention and control in rural areas, which work under the epidemic prevention and control command at the same level to promote the implementation of key tasks. Give full play to the role of the village party organization as a fighting fortress and the vanguard and exemplary role of party member, and weave a "safety net" for epidemic prevention and control by using grid management, refined service and information support.

　　Two, the development of rural epidemic prevention and control work guide. Guide rural areas to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control and health services during the Spring Festival, strengthen daily health services around "protecting health, preventing severe diseases, strengthening treatment and providing excellent services", orderly channel the demand for diagnosis and treatment, guide the masses to make the first visit at the grassroots level, highlight the management of key populations, the prevention and control of epidemic diseases in key institutions, and the treatment of severe patients, do a good job in ensuring people’s medication, improve epidemic prevention and control measures in rural areas, strengthen the implementation of prevention and control responsibilities, and accelerate the construction of health defense lines for rural permanent residents and returnees.

　　Third, strengthen the information dispatch of key rural populations. Establish an information system, dispatch the work data of health care, civil affairs, people’s society, disabled persons’ Federation and other departments, and do a good job in information collection and entry, so as to provide a basis for judging the epidemic situation and solving practical problems. At present, the special classes at the city and county levels have mainly carried out the dispatch of 20 indicators, such as the number of elderly people aged 60 and over in rural areas, the number of elderly people aged 65 and over with basic diseases, the number of disabled people, the number of blood oxygen monitoring equipment in village clinics and the number of people vaccinated in Covid-19.

　　Fourth, do a good job in publicity services for rural personnel before and after the Spring Festival. Use a variety of publicity methods to publicize epidemic prevention and control policies and personal prevention and control knowledge. Promote scientific and rational understanding of Covid-19 and vaccination, and guide vaccination. Actively advocate the new style of festival civilization, and conduct public activities and dinners in an orderly manner. Strengthen the service management of rural gatherings, temple fairs, weddings and funerals and other gathering activities. Continue to carry out village cleaning operations, focus on toilet revolution and garbage and sewage treatment, do a good job in sanitation, epidemic prevention, disinfection and general cleaning, and create a clean and tidy holiday environment in the countryside.

　　In the next step, we will conscientiously implement the arrangements of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, strengthen coordination and linkage, refine work measures, pay close attention to the implementation of tasks, and safeguard the health of farmers and the normal production and living order in rural areas to the greatest extent. Thank you.

　　Dahe daily reporter

　　Recently, many relatives and friends around me have been "Yang Kang". It is said that there is still the possibility of reinfection after "Yang Kang". How to protect after "Yang Kang", try to avoid reinfection, and how to distinguish between "Yang Rehabilitation" and reinfection? In addition, the Spring Festival holiday is coming, and Spring Festival travel rush has already begun. What should you pay attention to when you return home and travel during the Spring Festival? Thank you.

　　Hao Yibin, Director of the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention

　　Thank you for your question. Compared with other mutants before, Omicron mutant has enhanced its spreading ability and immune escape ability, but according to epidemiological research and clinical observation, the probability of Covid-19 reinfection within 3-6 months after "Yangkang" is relatively low. At the same time, according to the gene sequencing of local cases carried out in our province since December, the results show that BA.5.2 branch accounts for 94.5%, BF.7 branch accounts for 4.4%, and BA.5.2.20 branch accounts for 1.1%. At present, BA.5.2 is still the dominant strain in our province, and no new mutant has been found yet, so it is unlikely to infect the same mutant again in a short time.

　　The best way to prevent reinfection is still to implement personal protective measures, including wearing masks, paying attention to hand hygiene, frequent ventilation and vaccination. Especially after the rehabilitation of the elderly and children, try to reduce gathering, ensure good hygiene habits, and strengthen nutrition through reasonable diet; After 6 months, "Yangkang" actively inoculated with COVID-19 vaccine to strengthen the immune barrier, which can reduce the risk of reinfection.

　　How to distinguish "relapse" from reinfection. "Re-positive" usually occurs within 2-3 weeks after negative conversion, and patients usually have no obvious clinical symptoms, mainly because the residual virus nucleic acid fragments in the body are positive and generally not contagious; Reinfection usually occurs within several months to one year after the first infection, which is equivalent to a new infection, usually with clinical symptoms, and the viral nucleic acid load is high and infectious. "Fuyang" patients do not need further treatment, just pay attention to rest, reasonable diet and nutrition. Patients with reinfection, such as symptoms, need to undergo standardized treatment again, and strictly do personal protection and self-isolation, pay attention to the protection of family members and colleagues, and reduce the risk of epidemic spread.

　　The Spring Festival, our traditional festival, is coming soon. This year is the first Spring Festival after the epidemic prevention and control has entered a new stage, and the people are full of expectations. Compared with previous years, with the continuous optimization of prevention and control measures and the accelerated release of cross-regional personnel mobility, coupled with the concentrated release of travel needs accumulated by the people in the past three years, such as returning home for the New Year, visiting relatives and friends, and sightseeing, it is expected that the personnel mobility during Spring Festival travel rush will increase substantially. In order to further reduce the risk of epidemic spread, it is suggested that everyone must continue to implement personal protection, carry out self-health monitoring, and be the first person responsible for their own health during the Spring Festival. In particular, take the initiative to avoid traveling with symptoms, such as fever, sore throat, cough and other symptoms, it is recommended to carry out antigen or nucleic acid testing in time. After confirming the infection, please do not take public transport or participate in gathering activities. At the same time, it is also suggested that the elderly with basic diseases, pregnant women and children should minimize travel and reduce the risk of infection for themselves and their families. thank you

　　Ping Ping, Deputy Director of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee and Director of Information Office of Provincial Government

　　Thank you publishers! Time, that’s all for today’s on-site questions. If journalists and friends have other concerns, they can contact the relevant publishing units for an interview after the press conference.

　　Media friends, the decision of the CPC Central Committee to optimize and adjust epidemic prevention and control measures is a major decision made on the basis of overall planning and comprehensive judgment. The implementation of "Class B Management" is an adjustment of prevention and control strategy based on a comprehensive assessment of virus variation, epidemic situation and China’s prevention and control work. It is an initiative to seek truth from facts and optimize and improve prevention and control measures according to the situation, and it is also to continuously improve the scientific, accurate and effective prevention and control work. Through today’s press conference, we also saw the efforts and achievements made by our province to do a good job in medical treatment and other work to ensure a smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control. Here, I hope that all news media will thoroughly publicize and report the effectiveness of our province’s measures to coordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation in the new stage, do a good job in policy interpretation, increase popular science propaganda, guide the public to consciously strengthen and do a good job in personal protection, be the first responsible person of their own health, firmly believe in overcoming the epidemic situation, and vigorously create a good public opinion atmosphere to ensure smooth and orderly adjustment, people’s safety and health, and social harmony and stability!

　　That’s all for today’s press conference. Thank you publishers! Thank you, journalists and friends! Goodbye.

Text | market value observation Xiao Li flying knife

Editor | Xiao Shimei

Recently, the international gold price is witnessing history every day, and the current price once exceeded $2,380 per ounce.

Under the skyrocketing price of gold, ETFs tracking the spot price of gold also ushered in brilliant performance. Among them, the gold ETF Huaxia (518850) rose nearly 16% in more than one month, which was more than 50% higher than the low point in March 2021, which caused great concern in the market. In the eyes of many professional organizations, this round of gold bull market is far from over.

【 cycle cycle 】

Historically, the price of gold has experienced many rounds of bull-bear cycles.

After the Great Depression in 1929-1933, most developed economies abandoned the gold standard and implemented the paper money system. As a functions of money, gold has been greatly weakened, and the price of gold is facing revaluation, which has soared by more than 70% in just a few years. This is the first time that people have witnessed the power of gold.

Since then, the international gold price was tepid, and it was not until 1970-1980 that the second super bull market was ushered in, with a cumulative increase of 430%.

In 1971, Nixon brazenly announced the suspension of the exchange of dollars into gold, the Bretton Woods system collapsed and the value of gold was revalued again. In addition, after the decoupling of the US dollar from gold, the US fiscal and monetary policies were like wild horses, which eventually led to a round of hyperinflation, which also drove the current round of gold prices to rise sharply to some extent.

Subsequently, gold ushered in a 20-year super bear market. During this period, gold continued to depreciate, in sharp contrast to the rising prices of major economies around the world. Among them, American prices soared by 500%.

In 2000, before the bursting of the Internet bubble in the United States, the global stock market was extremely enthusiastic, and gold was at the end of the bear market cycle, gradually bottoming out and opening the road to rebound.

From 2006 to 2008, there was a super bubble in the American real estate market, and the price of gold continued to rise to a high of $1,000. Since then, with the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the subprime mortgage crisis has swept the world. As a major asset, gold has also fallen more than 20% following the stock market and bond market in just a few months.

In November 2008, the United States officially launched the QE policy, and large-scale over-issuance of money saved finance and economy from fire and water. The European Central Bank also implemented quantitative easing policy and expanded its balance sheet rapidly. The huge amount of liquidity continuously depressed the market interest rate and entered the zero interest rate range in December 2011. In the same period, the Bank of Japan’s QE and QQE policies came out.

The global mainstream currencies flooded, the real interest rate of the US dollar fell, and gold rose all the way to 2011, with the highest exceeding $1,900 per ounce.

▲COMEX gold main futures price chart, source: Chocie

After this bull market, gold ushered in a bear market for nearly seven years. The price of gold once dropped from a high level to $1,045 per ounce in 2015, with a cumulative decline of 46%. After that, it oscillated at the bottom for several years and started a new bull market cycle in October 2018.

From the perspective of historical deduction, once the gold price enters the bull market or bear market cycle, the trend will not end soon, and the duration can often last for more than 10 years. If this gold bull market follows the historical laws, it is a good choice to invest in gold-themed index funds such as gold ETF Huaxia (518850).

"Different bull market"

As we all know, gold has three attributes, including finance, hedging and commodities.

Financial attributes are mainly priced by two major indicators, one is inflation expectation and the other is nominal interest rate. To put it simply, gold has been used as a "hard currency" against inflation over the years-inflation has gone up, and gold tends to rise; Deflation, gold tends to fall. Nominal interest rate generally regards the yield of 10-year US bonds as opportunity cost. When the nominal interest rate goes down, gold tends to go up, and vice versa.

The combination of two factors, that is, the real interest rate (nominal interest rate-inflation expectation), is one of the important logics that determine the long-term trend of gold prices.

Hedging is the most important attribute of short-term fluctuation of gold, but it can’t support the performance of gold price in the medium and long term. Commodity attributes are weaker than the first two, because the demand for gold consumption (such as gold ornaments) is relatively stable and the supply is relatively stable, which often has little impact on the price of gold.

Then, since October 2018, why has a sharp bull market broken out in gold? How is this different from previous cycles?

From October 2018 to the end of 2022, there was a relatively obvious negative correlation between gold and the real interest rate as a whole, which was not very different from the past big cycle.

▲ US real interest rate VS gold futures price trend, source: m square

At the end of 2018, the Federal Reserve entered the end of the interest rate hike cycle since 2015, and then cut interest rates three times in 2019. In 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic crisis hit, the Federal Reserve quickly lowered the federal benchmark interest rate to zero, and its balance sheet expanded by $5 trillion. Massive currency liquidity flooded into the market, the real interest rate fell sharply, and gold as a whole showed a continuous upward trend.

Since the end of 2022, the real interest rate in the United States has fluctuated and risen, but gold has continued to strengthen. Recently, the macro data of non-agricultural employment and inflation in the United States have performed strongly, indicating that the economic fundamentals are strong, and the yield of 10-year US bonds has also rebounded to above 4.4%, driving the real interest rate to rise, but gold is still unmoved and crazy.

From the real interest rate in the past big cycle, the main pricing factors can no longer effectively explain the surge in the second stage of this gold bull market. The main reason is that the crazy purchase of gold by global central banks has become another important factor leading the trend of gold prices.

In 2022, global central banks bought 1,082 tons of gold, a significant increase compared with the previous 450 tons, setting a record high. In 2023, the net purchase again was 1,037.4 tons, which continued to maintain a high level, close to 20% of the annual gold supply. Among them, the biggest buyer originated from the Bank of China.

▲ The central bank’s demand for gold purchases has increased rapidly. Source: Zeping Macro

As of March, 2024, the gold reserve of the Bank of China was 72.74 million ounces, up 160,000 ounces from the previous month. It is worth noting that this is the 17th consecutive month that the Bank of China has increased its holdings by 10.1 million ounces, or about 286 tons. According to the current gold price, the increase in holdings exceeds 170 billion yuan.

Since March, gold has continued to skyrocket, which has stimulated the rapid increase of global non-commercial long positions in gold for speculative profits and the relative decline of short positions. This undoubtedly exacerbated the soaring price of gold with a very steep slope.

From the short-term and medium-term perspective, the Fed will enter the interest rate reduction cycle for several years in the future, and the high interest rate of US bonds will have a large downside in the future. From a long-term perspective, due to distrust of the sovereign currency of the US dollar, central banks around the world systematically increase their holdings of gold, which will drive the upward trend of gold prices.

Long and short period resonance, the future gold market is still expected.

[investment at the right time]

Since the gold price in the afternoon is expected, it will be a good choice to vote for gold. You know, gold is the only legal and compliant global allocation asset that most people in China have access to.

In addition to buying physical gold, a more convenient way to invest in gold is to use ETF for layout. For example, the latest scale of gold ETF Huaxia (518850) is over 400 million yuan, with good liquidity, and it has recorded nearly 50% return performance in the past three years, which deserves special attention.

Of course, participating in the gold market can also focus on outstanding A-share gold listed companies.

Specifically, the middle and upper reaches of the gold industry chain are mainly engaged in gold mining and smelting, with Zijin Mining and Shandong Gold as the leading companies, while the downstream is mainly engaged in the production and sales of gold jewelry, with Lao Fengxiang and Zhou Dasheng as the leading companies.

The leading enterprises in the upstream resources are relatively more profitable, especially Zijin Mining, which has a market value of over 440 billion. Its gross profit margin increased from 8.5% in 2015 to 15.8% in 2023, and its net interest rate increased from 1.8% in the same period to 9%.

Zijin Mining’s gold business scale is undoubtedly the largest in China. In terms of reserves, it will reach 1,191 tons in 2022 (gold resources will reach 3,117 tons), far exceeding the 507 tons and 417 tons of Zhongjin Gold and Shandong Gold. In addition to the gold business, Zijin Mining also mines non-ferrous metals such as copper and zinc, and its output ranks among the top in the world.

These businesses have experienced explosive growth in the past few years. From 2005 to 2023, the revenue expanded from 3.07 billion yuan to 293.4 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of 29%. The net profit of returning to the mother increased from 700 million yuan to 21.1 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of 21%.

One of the core competitiveness driving the continuous growth of performance stems from low cost. On the one hand, Zijin Mining has mining technology that its peers don’t have, or can’t reach, to realize the benefit of mining low-grade mines. On the other hand, Zijin Mining is good at using the cycle and purchasing mineral resources at low prices against the trend.

In addition, Zhongjin Gold and Shandong Gold are not bad in operation, but their cyclical properties are stronger than Zijin Mining, and their share prices generally fluctuate with the gold price.

Lao Fengxiang, the core leader in the downstream of the gold industry chain, is also a super bull stock. Although the level of gross profit and net profit is very low, which is not much different from that of most manufacturing companies, fortunately, the business scale continues to expand, which also drives its profits to continue to grow.

Lao Fengxiang’s good growth stems from the bonus of China’s gold jewelry industry. According to Euromonitor, the market size of the industry was 815.9 billion yuan at the end of 2022, and it will reach 942.9 billion yuan in 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 7.8%. In addition, from the perspective of per capita jewelry consumption, China’s jewelry consumption is US$ 82, which is lower than US$ 693 in Hongkong, China, US$ 309 in Singapore and US$ 250, and there is still much room for growth in the future.

In China’s jewelry market, the consumption of gold products is significantly higher, accounting for 58.3% in 2021 and above 60% in many years. In the global market, the largest market segment is diamond jewelry, accounting for 47%, followed by gold, accounting for 42%. It can be seen that the leading enterprises specializing in gold jewelry in China will benefit more.

In short, from the historical dimension and driving logic, this round of gold bull market may be far from complete. In this uncertain era, the allocation of gold-related assets should be a relatively certain choice.

three three

Sichuan is spicy and addictive. Hot and sour powder, saliva chicken, spicy chicken pot, cold pot string … Red spicy oil, fragrant pepper, eat to the scalp sour, sweating, shaped like a taste purgatory trip, but the aftertaste is getting deeper and longer, and it will become addictive after a long time. However, the food in this place is so brilliant that 1,000 Chengdu people may have 1,000 small shops they like.

Sichuan is spicy, fragrant and hemp, and saliva is secreted at a glance. The graphs in this paper are all three graphs.

An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening

No matter how famous the hot pot in Shudu is, you can’t eat it early in the morning. Everyone in the land of abundance is very comfortable, sleeping until they wake up naturally, hungry for the first meal, where to go and what to eat? Go to a fat sausage shop with heavy taste, eat a bowl of bean soup rice with pure pie, and the old school will come to a bowl of red oil to copy their hands. After eating and drinking enough, they are full of vitality, so they can set off for the teahouse.

Pork intestines powder+pot helmet is my favorite breakfast. Pork intestines powder must be white and tender, and the powder is strong. The intestines should be washed clean without peculiar smell, simmered slowly with a little chewiness, red oil slipped and stained a little, and some soup should be hooked in the bend to make people enjoy themselves.

The powder should be high-quality sweet potato powder, and it is best to make it by hand, so that the taste is strong. The seasoning should be enough, and the sauce should not be vague. It must be aged Pixian bean paste, and the fragrance is layered. It is absolutely comfortable to eat in such a bowl. Another crispy pot helmet, hand-made noodles, strong fragrance, fresher soaking, is simply authentic civilian food.

Pork rolls with pot helmet.

People who like the large intestine are regarded as treasures. No matter at noon for breakfast, when you enter the fat sausage shop, braised sausage head and mixed sausage head are not to be missed. The sausage head tastes the most refreshing, tender, thick and chewy. Authentic stores turn the whole piece over and wash it with alum. When it is finished, cut it into pieces to taste before serving, so that the delicious food is firmly sealed and blooms before serving. The intestines are fat and heavy, and it is even thicker when soaked in red oil peppers. With fresh and tender cress, the fresh and spicy fragrance makes the tongue unable to find the north for a while.

Everyone who will order will have a sausage head.

In Chengdu breakfast, only miscellaneous sauce noodles can compete with pork intestines powder.

A bowl of miscellaneous sauce noodles with red oil begins a day full of vitality.

Miscellaneous sauce noodles are the most popular in small noodles in the morning. Knowledgeable families must cut alkaline noodles with fresh water, commonly known as cudgel noodles, which have a yellowish surface and taste strong. The miscellaneous sauce for mixing noodles is ironclad sesame sauce, Hanyuan pepper noodles, pork minced meat and Chili oil, plus some sugar, garlic paste, soy sauce and the like. When you smell it in the morning, you will be full of saliva, and the dishes are green vegetables in winter and cowpeas in summer.

When it is hot, cold noodles with shredded chicken is the savior of appetite. You don’t need to see the fire, the store can mix a bowl in 5 seconds. The white jade congealed face, glittering and translucent spicy oil, and shredded chicken without oil flowers are chilled and refreshed. Popular stores use chicken leg meat, and then use chicken soup with noodles. No matter how hot it is, diners will continue.

Cold noodles with shredded chicken is the savior of summer.

Baijia gaoji pork intestines rice rolls

Baijia Town, South Third Ring Road, Shuangliu County

Ganji rice rolls

No.26-32 Xiaojiahe Middle Street, Wuhou District, Jiangyou Pork Intestines, No.18 Ma ‘an North Road, jinniu district

Noodles

9-21 Ximianqiao Street, Wuhou District

Liuji Lupin Branch (Cold Noodles with Chicken)

No.192, Randeng Temple North Street, Wuhou District

King of Sichuan cuisine twice-cooked pork

Apart from hot pot, there are four most popular Sichuan dishes in the world, namely, Sichuan style pork, diced chicken with kung pao, shredded pork with fish sauce and Mapo tofu. These four sweet, sour, spicy and fragrant dishes are balanced and palatable, which makes Sichuan cuisine invincible. But the dish that can be regarded as the "king of Sichuan cuisine" is probably Sichuan style pork.

Authentic Sichuan-style stew pork must use "two knives".

Sichuan people have always loved Sichuan pork. However, I’m afraid many Sichuanese didn’t expect that the Sichuan-style pork they ate was not authentic. From the selection of materials, ingredients to the final side dishes, it is actually very particular to fry a plate of authentic Sichuan style pork.

The most authentic Sichuan-style pork comes with skin and hind legs, which is called "Erdao" locally. The second knife meat has regular shape, reasonable fat and thin collocation, and heavy meat flavor. Add aniseed, pepper and cooking wine and boil it until it is raw. Add oil to the wok and burn the meat. The cooked meat looks like a lamp nest, then add wine and salt. After a little cooking, add bean paste and then sweet noodle sauce. Yes, you certainly didn’t expect that authentic Sichuan style pork and sweet noodle sauce are also essential, and the rich sauce flavor comes from this.

The side dishes of Sichuan style pork are also exquisite, and they must be garlic seedlings. Garlic seedlings are particularly important for Sichuan style pork, which not only smells fragrant, but also leaves of garlic seedlings can fully absorb the fat of meat, and it is also a rare delicacy. Stir-fried pork with garlic sprouts and special soy sauce until it is cut off. Only after turning off the fire can vegetables have a unique fresh feeling, and sometimes they are more popular than the meat on the plate.

Many fly restaurants in Chengdu cook Sichuan style pork, but when it comes to exquisite and clean materials, it will be the most popular one to turn around. As one of the longest restaurants in Chengdu at present, what it advocates here is the comfortable life in old Sichuan. In the old house with cornices and arches at the entrance of Lotus Lane, there are several thick wooden tables and bamboo chairs in the small courtyard of blue brick, which are the seats that guests scramble to reserve every day.

Zhuanzhuanhui (Liangui Branch)

No.25 Lianhua South Road (near Longzhou Road Police Station); 028-84511000

Chengdu Midnight Food Store

No matter how late the night is in Chengdu, there is also a snack bar with a light on and a steaming pot boiling, which attracts hungry passers-by with delicious meat. On a cold winter night, there is nothing warmer than a bowl of soup.

The hoof flower soup has warmed many wet winters in Chengdu.

Age loves hoof flower soup. A bowl of snow-white, rich snow bean and hoof flower soup. The white soup has a thick bean flavor, and there is no oil slick. When swallowed, it seems that there is a thin layer of gum condensed in the mouth, which is warm and smooth. The store keeps the skin of pig’s trotters white and shiny, so delicate that you can’t see the pores. When chopsticks touch them, they will be soft and detached from the bones. They will be dipped in soy sauce, vinegar, sesame oil, pepper powder, chopped pepper and chopped green onion, which will drive away the cold in one bite and cheer up in two. If you are tired of eating the taste of snow beans, kelp and lotus root will have another flavor.

Another late-night snack that is quite chivalrous is black chicken feet.

The huge black chicken feet, which are longer than the palm of a man’s hand, have traveled all over the restaurants in Chengdu, large and small. Without it, they can’t keep up with the trend and play Freestyle. Black chicken feet and ordinary chicken feet are not the same concept at all. The big black chicken from Zigong has an upgraded flavor, and the skin on its legs is smooth and tender. The chicken feet are crisp and chewy, and the soup is rich and the gum is rich. 10 yuan is one. After eating it, I looked up and saw that everyone in the room was eating it.

Liaolaoma pettitoes (Dongchenggen branch)

No.7-11, Dongcheng Gennan Street, Qingyang District; 028-86152948

Wanlai

No.18, Zhaixiangzi, Qingyang District; 15928117959

Black chicken feet longer than human palms.

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