Notice of the People’s Government of Yunnan Province on Printing and Distributing the Plan of Medical and Health Service System in Yunnan Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan.

State and municipal people’s governments, provincial committees, offices, departments and bureaus:

The "14 th Five-Year Plan" of medical and health service system in Yunnan Province is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

September 15, 2022

(This piece is publicly released)

Planning of Medical and Health Service System in Yunnan Province during the Tenth Five-Year Plan

In order to further optimize the allocation of medical and health resources in the province, effectively improve the fairness and accessibility of medical and health services, and enhance the ability of all-round life-cycle health services and the level of prevention and treatment of major epidemics, according to the national "14 th Five-Year Plan" medical and health service system plan and the outline of the 14 th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Yunnan Province and the long-term goal for the year 2035, the outline of "Healthy Yunnan 2030" and the development plan of health undertakings in Yunnan Province during the 14 th Five-Year Plan

I. Planning background

(A) Development status

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, under the strong leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, our province has continuously deepened the reform of the medical and health system, steadily promoted the construction of a healthy Yunnan, implemented major projects such as the improvement of the ability to treat major infectious diseases and the core competence of disease control institutions, the three-year action plan for the development of health undertakings, and the "seven special actions" for patriotic health. The medical and health service system has been further improved, the service capacity has been significantly improved, and the health level of the people has been continuously improved.

By the end of 2020, there were 26,626 medical and health institutions in the province, including 1,445 hospitals, 24,592 grass-roots medical and health institutions, 532 professional public health institutions and 57 other medical and health institutions. There are 106 tertiary hospitals in the hospital, including 54 tertiary hospitals; There are 470 secondary hospitals, including 196 secondary hospitals. There are 458,900 health workers and 325,200 beds. There are 6.89 beds in medical and health institutions, 2.6 licensed (assistant) doctors and 3.67 registered nurses per thousand people; There are 2.01 general practitioners and 7.5 professional public health personnel per 10,000 population. The construction projects of three national regional medical centers for cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and tumor have landed in Yunnan, and 30 provincial clinical medical centers and 115 sub-centers have been built, and 16 provinces and cities in the province have achieved full coverage of 3A general hospitals. The number of county-level general hospitals reaching the national basic standards has achieved a historic leap from "0" to "122", and 40 county-level general hospitals have reached the national recommended standards, with the growth rate ranking third in the country. The number of tertiary hospitals in county general hospitals has increased from "0" to "22". 42 counties in the province are listed as the first batch of pilot projects for the construction of close county medical community in China. In 2020, it was selected as a pilot province for the construction of national community hospitals. 73.3% families can reach the nearest medical point within 15 minutes, and the rate of seeing a doctor in the county reaches 91.39%. The proportion of Chinese medicine clinical departments in public general hospitals above the second level is 90%.The setting rate of "Chinese medicine hall" in township hospitals and community health service centers reached 99.35% and 81.4% respectively. The total number of medical and health institutions was 271 million, of which hospitals accounted for 40.13% and primary medical and health institutions accounted for 55.32%. There were 9,704,900 hospitalizations, of which 79.74% were hospitals and 16.68% were primary medical and health institutions. The utilization rate of beds in medical and health institutions is 70.79%, including 77.46% in hospitals, and the average length of stay in hospitals is 8.74 days. The reported incidence of Class A and B infectious diseases has been lower than the national average for 17 consecutive years, achieving the goal of eliminating malaria historically. The completion rates of county-level rescue centers for chest pain, stroke, trauma, critical pregnant women and critical newborns reached 93%, 85%, 80%, 91.47% and 89.92% respectively, ranking among the top in the country. The maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate dropped to 12.42/100,000 and 4.73‰ respectively, which was better than the national average. The average life expectancy in the province has increased from 69.54 years in 2010 to 74.02 years in 2020, with an average annual increase of 0.45 years, the highest increase in the country. The proportion of personal health expenditure in total health expenditure decreased to 27.07%, which was better than the national average. With practical actions, the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary’s requirements for Yunnan to be a gatekeeper and take responsibility for the country have withstood the continuous impact and severe test of the imported COVID-19 epidemic, and firmly held the bottom line of keeping it secret and preventing a large-scale epidemic.

(B) Opportunities and challenges

The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has always put people’s life safety and physical health first. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a major decision of "implementing the strategy of healthy China", which promoted the maintenance of people’s health to the national strategic level. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the grand goal of basically realizing socialist modernization and building a healthy China by 2035. The basic position and important supporting role of health in the historical process of "two hundred years" are increasingly prominent. Our province is in the critical stage of building a demonstration zone of national unity and progress, a vanguard of ecological civilization construction, and a radiation center facing South Asia and Southeast Asia. The multi-level and diversified health needs of the people will be further stimulated, creating a broader space for the development of health care. The rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and the fifth generation mobile communication (5G) provides scientific and technological support for optimizing health services and management.

At present, the global epidemic situation in COVID-19 is still in a state of pandemic, and the situation of border epidemic prevention and control in our province is still complicated and changeable. It is urgent to build a strong public health system and enhance the overall ability to deal with public health emergencies. In the face of the sharp increase in the demand for high-quality health services, the further aging of the population and the changes in the disease spectrum, the task of ensuring the health of the whole people in an all-round and full-cycle manner is even more arduous. Problems such as insufficient total quality medical and health resources, uneven distribution and insufficient integration still exist in our province. The number of licensed (assistant) doctors per thousand population and the number of general practitioners per 10,000 population are lower than the national average, and the grassroots capacity is relatively weak and resources are idle. The supply of medical and health services for key groups such as "one old and one small" is insufficient. The cooperation mechanism between various medical and health institutions is not perfect, the level of personnel, technology, equipment, data and information sharing is not high, the integration of medical care and prevention is not sufficient, and the pattern of complementary cooperation between Chinese and Western medicine has not yet formed.

Second, the overall requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on health and health work and inspect the spirit of Yunnan’s important speech, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the provincial party committee and government, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, comprehensively implement the new development concept, thoroughly implement the health and health work policy in the new era, and accelerate the construction of a strong public health system. We will promote the construction of an integrated medical and health service system covering the whole life cycle and the whole health process, and promote the change of development mode from treating diseases to focusing on people’s health, the change of service system from increasing scale and quantity to improving quality and efficiency, and the change of resource allocation from focusing on material factors to paying more attention to talent and technical factors, so as to make the people enjoy a higher level of health services.

(2) Basic principles

Overall planning and system integration. Coordinate the allocation of regional and urban and rural resources, coordinate prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and health promotion, adhere to both Chinese and western medicine, and improve overall efficiency. Combined with population structure and distribution, disease spectrum and other factors, the allocation standards of medical and health resources are formulated by classification.

Demand-oriented, improving quality and expanding capacity. Based on the reality of border areas, ethnic groups and mountainous areas, and guided by major health problems, we will expand the supply of resources, optimize the structural layout, and improve the allocation efficiency. Accelerate the expansion of high-quality medical and health resources and regional balanced layout, narrow the gap in resource allocation and service level among regions, urban and rural areas and people, and consolidate the grassroots foundation.

Coordination of medical care and prevention, and combination of emergency and emergency. Give priority to prevention, combine prevention with treatment, and establish a long-term mechanism of cooperation between medicine and prevention. Based on the usual needs and the need to ensure the prevention and control of major epidemics, we will improve the ability to combine emergency with emergency and quickly switch, and maintain public health safety.

Government-led, diversified participation. Adhere to the public welfare of basic medical and health undertakings, strengthen the responsibility of government investment guarantee, management and supervision, and increase the construction of public medical and health institutions. Give play to the role of market mechanism, encourage and guide social forces to set up medical and health institutions according to law to meet the multi-level and diversified health needs of the people.

Reform and innovation, strengthen support. Continue to deepen the reform of the medical and health system, pay attention to the systematic integration of medical and health resources allocation with policies such as finance, medical insurance and human resources, and give play to the leading and supporting role of talents, science and technology and informatization.

(3) Development goals

By 2025, an integrated medical and health service system will be basically established, which is compatible with the national economic and social high-quality development goals of our province, and compatible with the positioning of China’s radiation center for South Asia and Southeast Asia, with urban and rural planning, complementary functions, regional coordination, high quality and high efficiency. The ability to prevent and treat major epidemics and respond to public health emergencies has been significantly improved, public hospitals have further achieved high-quality development, and the level of medical services has been significantly improved. Grassroots units generally have the ability of first diagnosis and triage and health "gatekeeper", a distinctive Chinese medicine service system has been initially established, the health service ability focusing on "one old and one young" has been significantly enhanced, the basic public health service ability has been significantly improved, and the people’s health level and satisfaction have been continuously improved.

Third, the system structure and resource allocation

Medical and health resources mainly include institutions, beds, manpower, equipment, technology, information and data. Optimize the layout of medical and health resources in the province, make overall planning and balanced layout at the provincial, state and municipal levels, and improve cross-regional service and support capabilities; County-level and grassroots medical and health resources are rationally distributed according to the size of permanent population and service radius.

(1) Institutions

The province’s medical and health service system takes hospitals, grass-roots medical and health institutions and professional public health institutions as the main body, supplemented by new health care service institutions for the elderly, infants and other special groups, and provides life-cycle and health-care services for the whole population, such as disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and health promotion.

1. the hospital. Divided into public hospitals and non-public hospitals. Public hospitals are divided into government-run hospitals (divided into provincial hospitals, state-run hospitals and county-run hospitals according to the level of organization) and other public hospitals. Non-public hospitals are an effective way to meet people’s multi-level and diversified medical service needs.

At the provincial, prefecture and county levels, medical institutions at corresponding levels should be set up reasonably according to the number of permanent residents, service scope, workload and other factors in the administrative area, and according to the planning and requirements for the establishment of medical institutions. Guide qualified social medical institutions to develop into large-scale medical groups with high level, high technology content and brand.

2. Primary medical and health institutions. Including township hospitals and community health service centers, community health service stations (points), village clinics, clinics, outpatient departments, etc., to play the role of "double network bottom" for basic medical and public health services.

Grassroots medical and health institutions mainly undertake basic public health services such as preventive health care, health education, disease management, diagnosis and treatment of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases, and rehabilitation, nursing and hospice care services for some diseases. They receive referrals from hospitals and refer patients beyond their own service capacity to hospitals. Every township should run a government-run health center, every subdistrict office or every 30,000-100,000 residents should set up a community health service center, and reasonably set up community health service stations and village clinics.

3. Professional public health institutions. In principle, it is sponsored by the government, mainly including disease prevention and control institutions, maternal and child health care institutions, emergency centers (stations), blood stations, and specialized disease prevention and control institutions. It mainly provides public health services such as prevention and control of infectious diseases, chronic non-communicable diseases, occupational diseases and endemic diseases, health education, maternal and child health care, pre-hospital first aid, blood collection and supply, and mental health. Scientifically set up disease prevention and control institutions at the provincial, prefecture and county levels. Reasonable establishment of maternal and child health care institutions. With the provincial emergency center as the leader, improve the pre-hospital emergency network at the provincial, prefecture, county and township levels. Set up Yunnan Kunming Blood Center in Kunming, set up a central blood station in the places where the people’s governments of other 15 states and cities are located, and set up at least one fixed blood collection point in each county, city and district. Each state, city, county and district shall set up specialized disease prevention and control institutions as needed.

4. Other institutions. It mainly includes independent institutions and continuous service institutions.

(2) Beds

1. Moderately control the bed size. Moderately and reasonably allocate the overall size of beds in provincial, prefecture and county public hospitals, moderately adjust the allocation of beds in high-level and high-quality public hospitals, and guide high-quality medical resources to standardize the setting of branch areas in areas with relatively weak resources. Determine the number and structure of beds reasonably according to the utilization rate of beds at the grass-roots level. By 2025, the expected index of the number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand people in the province is 7.5 (including 6.2 beds in hospitals and 1.3 beds in primary medical and health institutions such as township hospitals and community health service centers). Among the hospital beds, there are 4.4 public hospitals (including 0.85 Chinese medicine hospitals) and 1.8 non-public hospitals.

2. Optimize the bed structure. Moderately control the growth of treatment beds, and give priority to the shortage areas such as infectious diseases, severe diseases, pediatrics, rehabilitation, mental illness and senile diseases. Combined with bed utilization rate, average length of stay, bed-to-doctor ratio, doctor-to-patient ratio and bed-to-person (health personnel) ratio, moderately control the bed growth rate in Baoshan, Chuxiong, Pu ‘er, Dehong, Nujiang and Diqing; Guide the stable development of beds in Kunming, Zhaotong, Qujing, Honghe and Lijiang; Support Yuxi, Wenshan, Xishuangbanna, Dali and lincang to increase beds reasonably.

3. Improve the quality of bed use. Encourage medical institutions to break the resource management mode with departments as the unit and implement overall deployment of beds in the whole hospital. The utilization rate of beds in public general hospitals is less than 75%, and the average length of stay is more than 9 days. No more beds will be added. Promote tertiary hospitals to pay more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of critical and difficult diseases, gradually reduce the proportion of primary and secondary operations, improve the proportion of appointment referral and daytime operations, and improve the efficiency of bed units.

(3) Manpower

1. Adapt to the changes of disease spectrum and expand the supply of high-quality medical and health services, and guide the rational allocation of medical staff. Guide Zhaotong City, Qujing City, Baoshan City, Honghe Prefecture, Wenshan Prefecture, Pu ‘er City, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Dehong Prefecture, Nujiang Prefecture, Diqing Prefecture and lincang to increase the growth rate of practicing (assistant) doctors; Zhaotong City, Qujing City, Pu ‘er City, Dehong Prefecture, Lijiang City, Nujiang Prefecture and Diqing Prefecture have increased the growth rate of registered nurses; Kunming, Zhaotong, Qujing, Honghe, Dehong and lincang increased the growth rate of general practitioners.

2. Reasonably improve the allocation standard of public health personnel. In principle, the personnel of disease prevention and control institutions shall be approved according to the proportion of 1.75 people per 10,000 population, and the proportion of professional and technical personnel in the total establishment shall not be less than 85%, and the proportion of health technical personnel in the total establishment shall not be less than 70%. Every 10,000 population is equipped with 1-1.5 health supervisors and 1 health worker in maternal and child health care institutions. Health education institutions, emergency centers (stations), blood collection and supply institutions and other professional public health institutions rationally allocate human resources according to the service population, workload and tasks. In principle, the proportion of professional and technical posts in health education institutions is not less than 80% of the total number of posts, and there are not less than 2 full-time (part-time) staff engaged in health education in various medical and health institutions at all levels. The number of public health personnel in primary medical and health institutions shall not be less than 25% of the number of professional and technical personnel. Community health service centers, township hospitals and medical institutions above the second level are all equipped with at least one public health physician. Promote the transformation of rural doctors into practicing (assistant) doctors. Technical support institutions for occupational disease prevention and control shall be equipped with professional and technical personnel in occupational health, radiation health, testing and inspection, engineering technology, clinical medicine, etc. as required.

3. Improve the allocation of human resources in medical institutions. Reasonably set up posts for different categories of personnel such as doctors, nurses, medicine, technology and management. Hospitals undertaking clinical teaching, teaching practice, supporting grass-roots units, medical research and other tasks, national regional medical centers and provincial high-level hospitals may appropriately increase their staffing. According to national regulations and standards, strengthen the staffing of medical institutions. Strengthen the allocation of general practitioners in township hospitals and community health service institutions.

4. Strengthen the supply of talents in short supply. Increase the proportion of practicing (assistant) doctors in public health, and strengthen the construction of talent teams in the fields of psychiatry, rehabilitation, general practice, severe illness, emergency, anesthesia, stomatology, pediatrics, neonatology, child care, obstetrics, imaging, pathology, geriatrics, occupational health and so on. By 2025, the number of practicing (assistant) doctors and registered nurses in psychiatry per 100,000 population in the province will reach 4 and 8.68 respectively.

(4) Equipment

1. Configuration of medical equipment. Adhere to the sharing of resources and ladder configuration, plan the allocation quantity and layout of large-scale medical equipment in a province as a unit, and guide medical institutions to rationally allocate appropriate equipment. We will implement the reform requirements such as the notification and commitment system for the allocation of Class B large medical equipment by social hospitals and the filing system for the allocation of Class B large medical equipment by social hospitals in the free trade pilot zone.

2. Public health prevention and treatment equipment configuration. According to the needs of ensuring public health safety and referring to relevant national standards, facilities and equipment such as laboratory testing, large-scale rescue, emergency and informatization of professional public health institutions will be configured and updated. Strengthen the equipment configuration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), mobile CT, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument, mobile operating room, negative pressure ambulance and other medical institutions that undertake the task of treating major infectious diseases and emergency medical rescue.

(5) Technology

1. Promote the development and application of medical technology. Improve the filing management system for clinical application of medical technology, and implement classified and graded management for clinical application of medical technology. Focusing on the people’s medical service needs and major and difficult diseases, we will expand the methods of diagnosis and treatment, improve the medical technical ability and diagnosis and treatment effect, and form a technological advantage. On the basis of ensuring the safety of patients, we encourage the development of cutting-edge technology projects with specialist characteristics and core competitiveness. Strengthen the innovation of clinical diagnosis and treatment technology, applied research and transformation and popularization of results. Strengthen the clinical application evaluation, quality control and management of medical technology.

According to the disease spectrum of residents in our province and the situation of patients seeking medical treatment in different places, we should consider the foundation of specialty construction and population development trend as a whole, focus on serious illness and stay in the province, strive for national key clinical specialty construction projects, implement the construction of upgrading and expanding provincial high-level medical institutions, the construction of provincial clinical medical centers and provincial key specialties, and reduce the rate of patients’ transfer outside the province; Focus on solving common diseases in States, cities, counties and districts, comprehensively improve the core specialty abilities of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, pediatrics, mental diseases and infectious diseases, and improve the specialized service system covering common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases and infectious diseases of residents.

2. Strengthen discipline cooperation. Promote multidisciplinary joint diagnosis and treatment for tumors, complicated diseases and chronic diseases. Encourage professional and technical personnel such as anesthesia, medical examination, medical imaging, pathology, pharmacy, rehabilitation medicine and psychiatry to be included in the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment team, explore the development model of comprehensive disciplines such as heart center, nerve center and tumor center, and improve the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment level of diseases. Encourage medical institutions to set up service coordinators to provide guidance, assistance and follow-up management in patient referral.

(VI) Information and data

Taking the provincial national health information platform as the hub, we will highlight unified data collection, unified use of standards, unified interface formulation, unified application integration and unified resource management, and realize cross-institution, cross-level, cross-regional and cross-departmental interconnection, business collaboration and data sharing of health information, and fully release the potential of big data to support health services and industry governance. Gradually realize the sharing and mutual recognition of electronic medical records, inspection results and medical images among medical institutions. Promote the integration of information systems between medical institutions in the medical community and primary medical and health institutions. Improve the public health service information system. Accelerate the integration of information systems such as electronic health records, family doctors signing contracts, maternal and child health, occupational health, and rehabilitation of the disabled. Promote data integration and business collaboration in public health and medical services. Strengthen the construction of network security.

Fourth, accelerate the construction of a strong public health system

We will strengthen the construction of a public health system with provincial, prefecture and county disease prevention and control institutions and various specialized disease prevention and control institutions as the backbone, medical institutions as the support, and grassroots medical and health institutions as the net, and strengthen the combination of prevention and treatment and the coordination of medical prevention and treatment.

(1) Reform and improve the disease prevention and control system.

1. Focus on responsibilities and enhance core competence. Promote the reform of disease prevention and control system according to the national deployment, and improve the facilities and equipment conditions of disease prevention and control institutions. Strengthen core competencies such as monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation and disposal, inspection and testing, emergency response and comprehensive intervention. Accelerate the construction of provincial centers for disease control and prevention-regional centers for disease control and prevention, and strive to build a national regional public health center. Promote the upgrading of laboratory instruments and equipment and the building of biosafety protection capacity in state and municipal centers for disease control and prevention. County, city and district disease prevention and control institutions focus on improving laboratory testing, on-site epidemiological investigation, epidemic situation judgment and on-site emergency response capabilities, and 25 border county and city disease prevention and control centers have upgraded laboratory core capabilities to state-level standards.

2. Promote coordination between medical care and prevention, and improve the efficiency of prevention and control. Public medical institutions set up public health departments and other departments directly engaged in disease prevention and control, and incorporated them into the prevention and control network of infectious diseases and chronic diseases in the territory and the network management of health education promotion. Strengthen the capacity building of infection prevention and control in medical institutions.

Establish and improve the linkage mechanism between disease prevention and control institutions and hospitals, other professional public health institutions, grassroots medical and health institutions and towns (streets). Strengthen the technical guidance, supervision and assessment of disease prevention and control institutions for disease prevention and control in medical institutions. Explore the establishment of disease control supervisor system, and set up full-time and part-time disease control supervisors in hospitals and primary medical and health institutions. Explore the participation of professionals in disease prevention and control institutions in the work of medical complexes.

Taking the management of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, tuberculosis and severe mental disorders as the breakthrough point, we will train 1-2 compound backbone talents with medical, prevention and management abilities for each township health center, explore equipping grassroots medical and health institutions with intelligent health management equipment, set up scientific fitness clinics in qualified grassroots medical and health institutions, and improve the ability of combining prevention and treatment at the grassroots level.

(two) improve the monitoring and early warning and emergency response system.

1. Improve the monitoring, early warning and emergency response mechanism for infectious diseases and public health emergencies. With disease prevention and control institutions as the main body, hospitals and primary medical and health institutions as the sentinel, supported by information technology and big data technology, a monitoring and early warning mechanism is established to realize early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early disposal of infectious diseases and public health emergencies. Improve the five-level information reporting network of provinces, prefectures, counties, townships and villages. Strive to establish joint workstations or laboratories for infectious disease surveillance with neighboring countries. Improve the information release mechanism of public health emergencies.

2. Improve the ability of emergency response and rapid disposal. Construction of provincial public health emergency command center, unified dispatch and command of the province’s public health emergency disposal work. Strengthen the emergency command system of infectious diseases and public health emergencies at the city and county levels in Quanzhou. Improve the graded emergency response mechanism for infectious diseases and public health emergencies. Improve the health emergency plan system at all levels, strengthen mutual connection, and carry out regular drills to ensure efficient operation. Establish an emergency team and emergency response mechanism for cross-border public health emergencies.

(three) improve the epidemic situation of infectious diseases and major public health emergencies treatment system.

1. Improve the medical treatment system for infectious diseases. We will improve the medical treatment network for infectious diseases at the provincial, prefecture, county and township levels, strengthen the construction of infectious disease hospitals and specialized institutions for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and improve the comprehensive treatment ability of infectious diseases and the diagnosis and disposal ability of new and recurrent infectious diseases. By 2025, each state and city will have a standardized infectious disease hospital (hospital area), and one infectious disease hospital (hospital area) will be set up in Xuanwei City, Zhenxiong County, Huize County and Guangnan County respectively. Other counties, cities and districts will rely on public general hospitals to plan and construct relatively independent infectious disease wards, and set up negative pressure wards (wards) and intensive care units as required.

2. Build a provincial-level major epidemic treatment base. Relying on the Provincial First People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, three major epidemic treatment bases will be built. As the diagnosis and treatment center, technical guidance center and remote consultation center of the province, the bases will undertake the centralized treatment of critically ill patients in the province, and respond quickly when major epidemics occur, effectively improving the cure rate of critically ill patients and reducing the mortality rate.

3. Strengthen the emergency medical rescue system. Strengthen the construction of emergency medical rescue institutions and emergency rescue teams, build a three-level rescue system at the provincial, prefecture and county levels, and realize the three-dimensional integration of water, land and air and the integration of Chinese and Western medicine. Accelerate the construction of national emergency medical rescue base. Establish regional emergency medical rescue centers in Zhaotong City, Honghe Prefecture, Pu ‘er City, Dali Prefecture, Lijiang City and other States and cities, and other States, cities, counties and districts make overall arrangements to build emergency medical rescue sites. Promote the construction of aviation and water emergency medical rescue system. Emergency departments are set up in general hospitals above the second level to strengthen the effective connection between pre-hospital medical emergency and in-hospital emergency.

Five, accelerate the construction of high-quality medical service system.

We will build a high-level public hospital network based on national regional medical centers and provincial key hospitals, with state-run hospitals as the backbone and county-run hospitals as the foundation. Promote the expansion and sinking of provincial key hospitals, support state, city and county hospitals to improve their comprehensive service capabilities, and promote the high-quality development of the province’s medical service system.

(A) the construction of medical services highland

1. Pay close attention to the construction of national regional medical centers. We will build national regional medical centers for cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and tumors, strive for more national regional medical centers for trauma and neurology, and build a highland of regional medical services integrating high-level clinical diagnosis and treatment centers, high-level clinical scientific research innovation platforms and high-level talent training bases. On the basis of building national regional medical centers, we will promote the construction of provincial regional medical centers, promote the rapid improvement of the overall medical level in our province, and strive to basically solve critical and difficult diseases in the province.

2. Accelerate the improvement of the capacity of provincial hospitals. Focusing on diseases with high mortality rate and high external transfer rate in the province, we will speed up the construction of provincial clinical medical centers, implement the "excellent training project", support provincial-run hospitals to strengthen the construction of characteristic specialties, platform specialties and weak specialties, enhance the provincial diagnosis and treatment capacity, and reduce cross-provincial medical treatment.

(2) Accelerate the improvement of the medical service capacity of state-run hospitals.

Support and guide the export of high-quality medical resources inside and outside the province to States and cities, support the cooperation between States and cities and domestic high-level medical colleges, accelerate the construction of provincial clinical medical center sub-centers and national key clinical specialties and provincial key clinical specialties, build regional centers with strong leading and radiation-driven functions, and significantly narrow the gap between the diagnosis and treatment level of key diseases and provincial capital cities. Piloting the construction of compact urban medical groups. By 2025, at least one tertiary public general hospital in each of the 14 states and cities will meet the basic standard requirements of the medical service capability guidelines for tertiary general hospitals.

(3) Consolidate and improve the comprehensive capacity of county-level hospitals.

Relying on county-level hospitals to build "five centers" for clinical services and "five centers" for emergency treatment. We will comprehensively promote the construction of a compact county medical community, and set up "five centers" for sharing county medical resources and "five centers" for high-quality management of county medical communities. Support some public hospitals in border counties and cities to moderately increase their bid and expand their capacity. Improve the service capacity of provincial and county-level public hospitals in Zhaotong City, Qujing City, Chuxiong Prefecture, Wenshan Prefecture, Lijiang City, Diqing Prefecture and other cities, and reduce the rate of visits outside the provincial counties.

(4) Continuously improve the comprehensive service capacity of primary medical and health institutions.

We will promote the improvement of the comprehensive service capacity of primary medical and health institutions, optimize the functions of basic medical and public health services, and build a network for the prevention and control of normalized epidemics at the grassroots level. Promote some township center hospitals with large service population, large scale and strong service capacity to gradually reach the service capacity of secondary hospitals on the basis of meeting the national service capacity recommendation standards. Guide the general township hospitals to do a good job in emergency first aid and daily diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, focus on building 1-2 high-quality characteristic departments, and expand and improve service functions. Accelerate the expansion of specialized medical services such as rehabilitation, pediatrics, and dentistry to meet the needs of the people for medical services and diversified health services. Strengthen the construction of community health service centers, improve the level of basic public health services and comprehensive service capabilities such as diagnosis, treatment, nursing, rehabilitation treatment and rehabilitation training for common and frequently-occurring diseases. Support mature community health service centers and township hospitals to establish community hospitals.

(5) Guide the coordinated development of non-public medical institutions.

Standardize and guide social forces to set up independent medical institutions, strengthen standardized management and quality control, and improve the level of homogenization. Encourage the large-scale and brand development of medical services in society. Support non-public medical institutions to cooperate with public hospitals in medical business, discipline construction and personnel training, and join urban medical groups, close county medical communities, specialist alliances and telemedicine networks. Social hospitals will be integrated into the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the medical treatment system for public health emergencies according to law.

Six, strengthen the construction of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) service system.

We will improve the service system of traditional Chinese medicine, with provincial hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine as the leader, hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine at all levels and departments of other medical institutions as the backbone, and grass-roots medical and health institutions as the foundation, integrating prevention, health care, disease treatment and rehabilitation.

(A) improve the medical service system of traditional Chinese medicine

We will strengthen the construction of provincial-level Chinese medicine hospitals, and state and municipal Chinese medicine hospitals will meet the construction standards of tertiary Chinese medicine hospitals, and the county-level public Chinese medicine medical institutions will be fully covered. Relying on the Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, we will build a provincial ethnic medical hospital and strengthen the construction of medical systems for Dai, Yi and Tibetan ethnic groups. Accelerate the upgrading and capacity expansion project of county-level Chinese medicine hospitals. Support medical institutions at all levels to build a famous yiguang and a Chinese Medicine Hall. Strengthen the construction of Chinese medicine departments in general hospitals, specialized hospitals, maternal and child health hospitals and other institutions, and strengthen the allocation of Chinese medicine doctors in clinical departments. Promote the full coverage of the construction of "Chinese Medicine Museum" in township hospitals and community health service centers. Support social forces to set up Chinese medicine medical institutions.

(B) to enhance the ability of Chinese medicine services

Support provincial hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine to build high-level hospitals, support the construction of key hospitals with characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in cities and prefectures, implement the plan of improving the quality of county-level hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine, implement the project of cultivating advantages with characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, strengthen the construction of five provincial clinical medical centers of traditional Chinese medicine and 32 sub-centers of cities and prefectures, and implement the construction of key clinical disciplines of traditional Chinese medicine at the provincial level. Do well and strengthen the traditional advantages of traditional Chinese medicine specialties such as bone injury, anorectal diseases, pediatrics, dermatology, gynecology, acupuncture, massage, tumor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, lung diseases, spleen and stomach diseases, nephropathy, peripheral vascular diseases, and support the construction of key specialties of ethnic medicine such as Dai, Yi and Tibetan. Support the construction of TCM specialist alliance, and improve the development level of homogenization of specialties (disciplines). Promote the implementation of the "prevention of disease" project of traditional Chinese medicine, expand the service connotation, and explore the establishment of a number of standardized prevention and treatment departments.

(3) Promoting the coordinated development of Chinese and Western medicine

Strengthen the work of traditional Chinese medicine in general hospitals and maternal and child health care institutions, continuously improve the clinical cooperation mechanism between Chinese and Western medicine, incorporate Chinese medicine into the multidisciplinary consultation system, and organize collaborative research on major and difficult diseases, emerging infectious diseases and chronic diseases. Strive for state support to build 1-3 "flagship" hospitals, build a number of "flagship" departments, build a number of provincial-level collaborative bases of Chinese and Western medicine, and screen and launch a number of collaborative clinical diagnosis and treatment programs of Chinese and Western medicine.

(D) to enhance the ability of Chinese medicine disease prevention and control.

Relying on the provincial hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, we will build a national TCM epidemic prevention base and a national TCM emergency medical team. Relying on universities and enterprises to establish a basic research and industrial innovation platform for the prevention and treatment of epidemics in traditional Chinese medicine. Promote the establishment of fever clinics in tertiary Chinese medicine hospitals and conditional secondary Chinese medicine hospitals, and strengthen the construction of weak departments such as infectious diseases, critical care medicine (emergency department) and pulmonary diseases, and convertible infectious diseases and intensive care units in Chinese medicine hospitals.

Building a scientific research support platform for Chinese medicine to deal with public health emergencies. Increase the research and development of new drugs and preparations for medical institutions to prevent and treat major infectious diseases with traditional Chinese medicine. We will build a team of experts in emergency treatment of traditional Chinese medicine at the provincial, prefecture and city levels, and formulate and improve a number of Chinese medicine prevention and control programs for major infectious diseases.

Seven, improve the all-round and full-cycle health service system.

Focusing on the whole life cycle and the whole process of health, focusing on "one old and one young", we will speed up the improvement of maternal and child health, elderly health, occupational health, mental health and blood supply security service systems, fill the shortcomings in health education, rehabilitation medical care, long-term care for the elderly and hospice care, establish and improve the policy standard system and service supply system for infants under 3 years old, and comprehensively improve the all-round and full-cycle health service capacity.

(A) the development of universal care service system

Gradually establish and improve the policy standards and service supply system to promote the development of infant care services, carry out various forms of infant care services, and gradually meet the needs of the people for infant care services. Support and promote infant care services, strengthen support and guidance for family infant care, strengthen the functional connection between community infant care service facilities and public service facilities, and give full play to comprehensive benefits. Guide social forces to organize inclusive infant care service institutions. Encourage employers to provide welfare infant care services, support kindergartens to set up nursery classes, expand the supply of infant care services, and build a number of pilot infant care services with demonstration and driving effects.

(B) optimize the maternal and child health service system

1. Improve the maternal and child health service network. Improve the maternal and child health service network with maternal and child health institutions as the backbone, general hospitals and specialized hospitals as the support, and basic medical and health institutions as the foundation, promote the combination of health care and clinic, and enhance the supply capacity of maternal and child health services. Support the construction of the new hospital of the Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Provincial Women and Children Hospital) and strive to build a regional maternal and child health radiation center for South Asia and Southeast Asia. Take state and county-level maternal and child health hospitals as the main body of construction, and strive to reach the standard level of third-level maternal and child health hospitals by 2025; More than 60% of county-level maternal and child health hospitals meet the standards of secondary maternal and child health hospitals.

2. Provincial, state and municipal centers for the treatment of critically ill pregnant women and newborns should be upgraded. Relying on comprehensive hospitals with strong comprehensive treatment capacity and maternity and child care hospitals with outstanding obstetrics and pediatrics strength, and establishing multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment cooperation mechanisms with other medical institutions, we will build and improve the treatment capacity of 20 provincial-level treatment centers for critically ill pregnant women and critically ill newborns; At least one rescue center for critically ill pregnant women and one rescue center for critically ill newborns should be set up at the state, city and county levels.

3. Improve the birth defect prevention network. Improve the prevention and control system of birth defects covering urban and rural residents and the whole process of birth. One or two provincial prenatal diagnosis centers have been set up at the provincial level, and 60% of the states and cities have at least one prenatal diagnosis institution. Pre-marital health care, pre-pregnancy health care, prenatal screening, neonatal genetic and metabolic diseases screening, neonatal hearing impairment screening and neonatal congenital heart disease screening are widely carried out in counties, cities and districts. Strengthen the role of grassroots medical and health institutions in the publicity and mobilization of birth defect prevention and health education.

4. Improve the children’s health service network. Promote the construction of provincial pediatric projects, focusing on improving the ability of children to treat diseases such as respiration, nerves, blood and tumors. States and cities with large populations should set up children’s hospitals or children’s medical centers in general hospitals. At least one hospital in each county, city and district has an independent pediatrics department. By 2025, there will be 0.87 pediatric practicing (assistant) doctors and 2.5 beds for every thousand children in the province. Strengthen the construction of primary child health care service network.

(3) Strengthening the health service system for the elderly

1. Improve the geriatric medical service network. With general hospitals and geriatric hospitals with geriatric departments as the main body, and basic medical and health institutions, nursing institutions and hospice care institutions as the basis, we will improve the four-level health service network for the elderly at the provincial, prefecture, county and township levels, provide the trinity of "prevention, treatment and care" and promote the transformation of health service for the elderly from a disease-centered single-disease model to a health-centered multi-disease co-treatment model. Improve the ability of geriatric medical services in primary health care institutions and promote the extension of geriatric health services to communities and families.

2. Deepen the combination of medical care and nursing. Reasonable layout of continuous medical institutions and pension institutions, improve the cooperation mechanism between medical and health institutions and pension service institutions. Promote the construction of provincial geriatric hospitals. Accelerate the construction of friendly medical institutions for the elderly. Carry out the demonstration work of combining medical care with nursing care.

3. Strengthen long-term care and hospice care services. Increase the supply of long-term care service resources, and establish and improve the elderly care network based on institutions, communities and homes. Relying on qualified nursing homes (centers, stations), community health service centers, township hospitals and other medical and health institutions to set up family beds, community day care centers and "call centers." Promote the synchronous setting and supporting construction of nursing stations, community pension service facilities and elderly care service institutions. We will steadily expand the trial of hospice care. Strive to build a provincial-level hospice training base. Build a standardized hospice ward in each county, city and district of the national hospice pilot state and city, and set up hospice beds in qualified township hospitals (community health service centers). Support social forces to standardize hospice care services.

(D) Improve the technical support system for occupational health.

Gradually establish a technical support network for occupational disease monitoring and evaluation at the provincial, prefecture and county levels. Improve the supporting capabilities of occupational diseases and occupational hazard factors monitoring, occupational health risk assessment, statistics and investigation and analysis of occupational disease prevention and control, occupational health examination, occupational disease reporting and emergency response in the province.

Through independent construction or joint construction of "consortium" and other forms, the technical guidance center and research base of occupational disease hazard engineering protection in Yunnan Province will be built. Establish a technical support platform for engineering protection against occupational hazards in line with the characteristics of major industries in our province.

Relying on occupational disease specialist hospitals and general hospitals, we will build a technical support network for occupational disease diagnosis and treatment at the provincial, prefecture and county levels, and extend it to key towns (streets). Relying on qualified state, city and county general hospitals (general hospital occupational disease specialist), carry out occupational disease diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. In towns (streets) where pneumoconiosis patients are concentrated, pneumoconiosis rehabilitation stations (points) are established relying on primary medical and health institutions. Support relevant professional organizations to participate in the technical support network for occupational disease prevention and control. Set up full-time and part-time occupational disease prevention supervisors in primary medical and health institutions.

(5) Improve the health education system.

Improve the health education network composed of health education professional institutions, health education service bases, various medical and health institutions and health education functional departments of organs, schools, communities, enterprises and institutions, so as to provide strong system support for health promotion. Promote the construction of health education departments in hospitals, professional public health institutions and grassroots medical and health institutions at all levels, and improve the health education service capacity of medical and health institutions. Mobilize more social forces such as institutions, schools, communities, enterprises and institutions, and health industry associations to participate in the popularization of health knowledge.

(six) improve the mental health and mental health service system.

We will improve the mental health and mental health service system with mental health prevention and control centers at all levels, psychiatric departments of specialized mental hospitals and general hospitals as the main body, grassroots medical and health institutions and psychiatric rehabilitation institutions as the support, and disease prevention and control institutions and social and psychological service institutions as the supplements, so as to provide people with mental health and mental illness prevention, intervention, treatment and rehabilitation services.

1. Improve mental health service capacity. Strive to build a national clinical medical research sub-center in the field of mental illness. Encourage psychiatric hospitals to form or participate in the construction of specialist alliances. Encourage qualified psychiatrists to set up full-time or part-time psychiatric clinics. Township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) should set up psychiatric (psychological) clinics to improve the ability of grassroots mental (psychological) health services. Improve the community rehabilitation system for mental disorders supported by mental health professional institutions, community rehabilitation institutions, social organizations and families. Encourage social forces to hold non-profit psychiatric hospitals and open psychiatric clinics in areas with weak resources for psychiatric medical services.

2. Establish a social mental health service network covering urban and rural areas. Relying on the provincial mental health center and the conditional mental specialist hospitals or psychiatric departments of general hospitals in various states and cities, a public health emergency psychological rescue center will be established, and a psychological rescue team for public emergencies at the provincial, state and county levels will be established. Strengthen the mental health service capacity of medical and health institutions. Relying on urban and rural community comprehensive service facilities or grass-roots comprehensive management centers, standardize the setting of psychological counseling (counseling) rooms or social studios (stations), and equip psychological counselors or social workers. Support the cultivation of professional and standardized psychological counseling and counseling institutions and undertake mental health services.

(7) Strengthening the rehabilitation medical service system.

Improve the rehabilitation medical service network based on rehabilitation departments and rehabilitation hospitals in general hospitals and basic medical and health institutions. The rehabilitation department of tertiary hospitals and tertiary rehabilitation hospitals focus on providing rehabilitation medical services for patients with critical and complicated diseases, and undertake tasks such as rehabilitation medical technology, scientific research and teaching, discipline construction, department management, personnel training, and the transformation, popularization and application of research results in the region. The rehabilitation departments of secondary hospitals, secondary rehabilitation hospitals, rehabilitation medical centers and primary medical and health institutions focus on providing rehabilitation medical services for patients with definite diagnosis, stable condition or long-term rehabilitation. Encourage the development of community and home rehabilitation medical services based on grassroots medical and health institutions.

Support the transformation and reconstruction of some primary and secondary hospitals in areas rich in medical resources into rehabilitation hospitals. Strengthen the supply of rehabilitation medical services for the elderly, and maternal and child health care institutions and children’s hospitals have the ability to provide rehabilitation services for women and children. Strengthen the rehabilitation infrastructure construction and equipment configuration of primary medical and health institutions, and encourage qualified primary medical and health institutions to set up or increase beds to provide rehabilitation medical services according to demand. Implement the Chinese medicine rehabilitation service capacity improvement plan. Support qualified medical institutions to strengthen cooperation with professional rehabilitation institutions for the disabled and improve the level of rehabilitation. Support and guide social forces to organize large-scale and chained rehabilitation medical centers. Strengthen the construction of rehabilitation medical service talents. By 2025, there will be 8 rehabilitation doctors and 12 rehabilitation therapists per 100,000 population in the province.

(eight) optimize the blood collection and supply service system.

Construct a blood collection and supply service system with reasonable layout and efficient operation. Promote the standardization and standardization of blood centers in Kunming, Yunnan Province and blood centers in 15 prefectures and cities, and standardize the setting of apheresis plasma stations in accordance with the Planning for the Setting of Apheresis Plasma Stations in Yunnan Province (Yunwei Yifa [2021] No.27). By 2025, the service capacity of blood stations at all levels will be significantly improved.

Eight, strengthen the support system

(1) Deepening reform in key areas.

Adhere to and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over public hospitals, and strengthen innovation in system, technology, mode and management of public hospitals. Optimize the performance evaluation of public hospitals, establish and improve the comprehensive performance evaluation system of compact county medical community (compact city medical group) with health as the center, strengthen the application of evaluation results, and promote the high-quality development of public hospitals.

Learn and popularize Sanming’s medical reform experience, and increase the joint efforts of medical care, medical insurance and pharmaceutical reform. We will steadily and orderly promote the reform of medical service prices and implement the dynamic adjustment mechanism of medical service prices. Improve the price policy and medical insurance payment policy for Chinese medicine services and "Internet+medical services". Improve the medical insurance payment policy for medical treatment of major epidemics, and establish and improve the mutual aid guarantee mechanism for employees’ medical insurance clinics. We will implement a multi-compound medical insurance payment method based on disease payment, and improve the payment method and settlement management mechanism of medical insurance funds that adapt to the development of medical services.

We will implement the centralized drug procurement organized by the state, improve the supporting incentive and restraint mechanism for centralized drug procurement, implement the policy of retaining the balance of medical insurance funds, and give priority to the use of drugs selected in centralized drug procurement. Establish and improve the linkage management mechanism of drugs such as urban medical associations and county medical associations. Continue to consolidate and improve the basic drug system, and promote medical institutions at all levels to gradually form a "1+X" medication model dominated by basic drugs. Select and build a provincial clinical pharmacy center to speed up the "standardization, standardization, institutionalization, informationization and homogenization" of pharmaceutical services in the province. We will improve the linkage mechanism of consultation on drug supply security in short supply, and improve the monitoring, early warning and grading response system for drug shortage at the provincial, prefecture and county levels. Strengthen the construction of drug use monitoring system. The application scope of drug use monitoring basically covers secondary and above public medical institutions, and extends to more than 80% of grassroots public medical institutions. Establish and improve the assessment mechanism for rational drug use in medical institutions. By 2023, the assessment coverage of secondary medical institutions will be achieved, and the assessment coverage rate of primary medical and health institutions will reach more than 50% and increase year by year. Promote the pilot work of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs.

(B) to strengthen the construction of talent team

Fully implement the "Thirty Measures to Promote the Development of Health Talents in Yunnan Province". Improve the talent evaluation and professional title evaluation mechanism that meets the characteristics of the medical and health industry. Continue to strengthen the training of practicing (assistant) doctors. Promote the access system for public health doctors, implement the system of public health chief experts, explore giving public health doctors the right to prescribe, and promote the pilot program of standardized training for public health doctors. Improve the standardized training system for residents and implement the "two equal treatments". Promote the pilot of standardized training for specialists, and coordinate the implementation of assistant general practitioner training. We will continue to carry out free training of rural order-oriented medical students, do a good job in employment placement and performance management of oriented medical students, strengthen the training of professionals in short supply at the grassroots level, and continue to carry out education for upgrading the academic qualifications of grassroots personnel. Strengthen continuing medical education. Strengthen the training of international medical and health personnel, build a training base for medical and health personnel in South Asia and Southeast Asia, train a group of international talents who know their major and can speak foreign languages, and train suitable health management and professional and technical personnel for neighboring countries. Strengthen the training of talents with Chinese medicine characteristics, implement the provincial-level training program for outstanding clinical talents of Chinese medicine, promote the establishment of a three-level teacher-training system at the provincial, prefecture and county levels, build a group of famous and old Chinese medicine experts’ inheritance studios, and cultivate a group of traditional Chinese medicine talents; Promote the establishment of the system of western learning, and train a group of high-level talents of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and general practitioners who can provide integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine services.

(3) Strengthening scientific research and innovation

Combined with the forefront of international development, according to the demand and development trend of medical and health services in the province, we will support interdisciplinary integration and innovate in the fields of major disease prevention and treatment, drug abstinence, plateau dermatosis, geriatrics, cross-border public health issues, ecological civilization construction and health that affect the health level of our province.

Improve the layout of medical research bases, focus on solving major health problems, strengthen cooperation with universities and research institutions, and strengthen the construction of compound innovation teams. Strengthen inter-agency, inter-departmental and interdisciplinary cooperation, improve the evaluation and transformation system of scientific and technological achievements, and strive for 1-2 provincial high-level hospitals or professional public health institutions to enter the national clinical medical research center or collaborative innovation network.

Accelerate the construction of scientific research innovation platforms, key laboratories, engineering centers, provincial clinical medical research centers (sub-centers), national clinical medical centers (sub-centers) and academician expert workstations. Strengthen the construction of national clinical research base of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation center.

Nine, improve the planning implementation mechanism

(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

We will comprehensively strengthen Party building in medical and health institutions, and implement the Party’s leadership in all fields and all aspects of health care reform and development. Strengthen the government’s responsibility, and put the formulation and implementation of the medical and health service system planning into the important agenda of the government’s work and the task requirements of building a healthy Yunnan. The provincial people’s government is responsible for formulating provincial plans, refining the bed allocation standards to States and cities, clarifying the layout of provincial high-level hospitals and regional disease prevention and control centers, and incorporating them into the regional health planning of the state and city where they are located. The people’s governments of prefectures and cities are responsible for studying and formulating regional health plans and organizing their implementation, focusing on planning hospitals and professional public health institutions at or below the prefecture level, and refining the bed allocation standards to counties, cities and districts. County, city and district people’s governments are responsible for the formulation and implementation of the county medical and health service system planning, and timely connect with the relevant departments of the state and city.

(2) Strengthen departmental coordination

Institutions, development and reform, education, science and technology, finance, human resources and social security, natural resources, health, medical security and other departments should conscientiously perform their duties, strengthen policy coordination, and make overall plans to promote the implementation of the medical and health service system. The organization department shall implement the staffing of public medical and health institutions in accordance with relevant regulations and standards; The development and reform department should carry out capital construction management and implement capital construction investment for new (expanded) construction projects according to the medical and health service system planning; The financial department should implement relevant funds in accordance with the government’s health investment policy; Natural resources departments should make overall consideration of the development needs of medical and health institutions in the land and space planning, rationally arrange the layout of land use, and give priority to ensuring the land use of non-profit medical and health institutions within the scope permitted by laws and regulations; The health department should take the lead in adjusting the planning according to the procedures as needed; Medical security departments should work together to promote the reform of medical service price and payment system; Other relevant departments should carry out their duties and jointly promote the planning and implementation of the medical and health service system.

(3) Strengthen investment guarantee

Establish a stable investment mechanism for the construction of medical and health service system. Expenditure on the development and construction of professional public health institutions, such as capital construction, equipment purchase, discipline construction and personnel training, shall be fully arranged by governments at all levels according to the needs of public health development; Personnel funds, public funds and business funds are fully arranged in the government budget according to personnel standards, funding standards, service task completion and assessment; Improve the funding guarantee mechanism for public health services in medical and health institutions. Establish a long-term financial input mechanism for emergency reserves of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and incorporate them into the government’s regular budget arrangements. Implement the government’s responsibility to invest in public hospitals that meet the regional health planning, and implement the investment tilt policy for traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and specialized hospitals such as infectious diseases and mental diseases. Comprehensively strengthen the government’s investment guarantee for primary medical and health institutions. Explore ways to strengthen financial support for the development of childcare services through institutional operating subsidies, family childcare subsidies, and government procurement.

(D) Mobilizing social participation

Combined with the implementation of township (street) power and responsibility list system, strengthen and clarify the power and responsibility of township (street) public health management, village (neighborhood) committees promote the construction of public health committees. The school set up a health department (clinic) in accordance with the regulations, equipped with full-time and part-time health technicians, and implemented the physical examination of freshmen and the screening of key diseases for teachers and students. The employer shall do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases among employees. Improve the linkage mechanism between disease prevention and control departments and urban and rural communities, and build a grass-roots governance mechanism that dynamically connects normal management and emergency management. Strengthen the construction of patriotic health organizations, guarantee the establishment of institutions, functional allocation and staffing, improve the patriotic health work network at all levels, and clarify the full-time and part-time patriotic health workers in towns (streets), villages (communities), organs, enterprises and institutions. Improve the social health education network and mobilize social forces to participate in the popularization of health knowledge.

(5) Strengthen monitoring and evaluation.

The health department should take the lead in establishing a monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the planning of medical and health service system and the efficiency of resource allocation, set up a special working group, organize the dynamic evaluation of the implementation progress and effect of the planning of medical and health service system, carry out the mid-term and final evaluation of the planning on schedule, accept social supervision, find and solve problems in the implementation of the planning in time, and ensure the smooth completion of all objectives and tasks.

Brake failure is mostly caused by wear, leakage or insufficient air pressure, so regular inspection and maintenance are needed to prevent it.

When I stepped on the brakes, I found that the brakes were useless, the speed of the car did not decrease at all, and the brake failure was very dangerous. What is the cause of the brake failure? How should we avoid it? Many times, brake failure is actually a precursor.

First, if the brake suddenly hardens, it is likely that the vacuum booster pump fails to work, so it is necessary to check whether the vacuum booster pump is damaged or falls off.

Second, the brake suddenly becomes soft and treads like cotton. This situation may be caused by brake oil leakage due to brake oil pipe damage.

Third, when stepping on the brake, the pedal is soft and hard, and the strength is big and small. It may be that the brake oil enters water or air, and the brake oil should be removed or replaced in time. It may also be that the vacuum booster pump is aging or damaged.

Fourth, the steering wheel wobbles when you step on the brakes. This situation may be uneven grinding and excessive runout, so it is necessary to replace the brake disc in time.

Fifth, when you step on the brakes, the steering wheel deviates. This is because the brakes on one side are not working or the braking force is getting smaller. Check the brake calipers in time.

If you think it’s useful, remember to like it and pay attention to it. Braking is no small matter. If these things happen to your car, you must check it in time and don’t take any chances.

Spend money to eat prefabricated dishes in restaurants, who became a big injustice?

Titanium media note:This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account Netease Digital Reading (ID: datablog163), by Su Wanshui, authorized by Titanium Media.

After Luo Min, the originator of campus loan, invited Jerry and Fu Seoul to bring prefabricated dishes, the prefabricated dishes caused a new round of controversy. In mid-September, in the "Oriental Selection" live broadcast room, the founder of Zhigang think tank shouted that "prepared dishes are pig and dog food".

Prefabricated dishes, a term that has a sense of existence in this year’s public opinion field, refer to semi-finished dishes that are prepared in advance and can be eaten simply by heating or frying later.

Precast dishes have been blown to the air, and "kitchen black holes" have found "spring" for cooking, but some people have a slight complaint — — This kind of fast food, which runs counter to the traditional eating habit of focusing on freshness, will eventually make Chinese food lose its soul and change the taste buds of Chinese.

When consumers feel that life is surrounded by something, capital with a keen sense of smell must have swarmed, just like prefabricated dishes.

There is no doubt that in the past two years, the industry of prefabricated vegetables has really caught fire. According to NCBD data, in 2021, the scale of the prefabricated vegetable industry will exceed 300 billion [1], and even some institutions predict that it will be a trillion-dollar track [2].

Among the players in the pre-cooked food track, whether they are cooking home-cooked dishes, focusing on vegetables, focusing on seafood, western food or hot pot and other special dishes, or even doing supply chain, they are all favored by investment institutions.

According to our statistics, from 2021 to the first half of 2022, there were at least 56 investment and financing events of prefabricated vegetables, accounting for 17% of the 334 public financing events in the catering industry during the period [3] [4].

Among them, tens of millions of levels of financing are the mainstay, but there are also billions of dollars in business. For example, in March of this year, Lu Zhengyao, who left Ruixing, participated in the establishment of the Tip of the Tongue Hero, and received 1.6 billion Series B financing [5].

In January of this year, the Tip of the Tongue Hero was officially launched, claiming that it would open 5,000 stores this year. Although there were only over 400 stores in July, people from all walks of life always paid close attention to whether the Tip of the Tongue Hero could become a lucky star in the catering industry [6].

According to the statistics of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, the amount of financing flowing into the prefabricated vegetable industry in the past year and a half can account for 10% of the financing amount of the catering industry [7]. "Prefabricated dishes" can also be compared with "meta-universe" and "carbon neutral", and together with them, it will become the most concerned track for investment institutions in the first half of 2022 [8].

Capital is willing to invest, and provincial policies are also overweight. Under such a good environment, there are more players on the track, and the start-ups, transformations and cross-border competitions are on the same field. By April 2021, Weizhixiang was listed, and the "first stock of prepared vegetables" in A shares successfully ran out.

In the year of 2021, Weizhixiang achieved revenue of 765 million yuan, up 23% year-on-year, and at the same time, 133 million net profit was returned to the mother, up 6% year-on-year [9].

Making prefabricated dishes can really make money. In fact, Weizhixiang, whose market is concentrated in East China, has achieved double growth in revenue and net profit in recent years. In the first half of 2022, the operating income of Weizhixiang reached 378 million yuan, and the net profit returned to the mother increased by 14.58% year-on-year.

Like the tip of the tongue hero, Weizhixiang also focuses on retail channels. In the first half of 2022, there were 1,522 franchise stores and 645 cooperative dealers nationwide [10].

If you often go to the vegetable market, you may be familiar with Weizhixiang, because the retail channels of Weizhixiang are mostly distributed in various vegetable markets and farmers’ markets. It is in the vegetable market that the founders Xia Jing and his wife observed the pain points of office workers’ trouble in washing vegetables and made their fortune [11].

But at the same time, Wei Zhixiang is also trying to walk on two legs, expanding the business of wholesale and direct sales to catering enterprises, and selling half of the dishes to hotels, restaurants, etc. In the first half of 2022, the revenue of wholesale channels accounted for 26.35% [12].

This is because consumers’ buying habits of prefabricated dishes are still in the training stage, but the use of prefabricated dishes in restaurants has already matured.

In recent years, prefabricated dishes have caught fire, and many people have also appeared in their homes. But in fact, prefabricated dishes have already "invaded" chain restaurants.

"28 separation" is the actual situation of this industry — — The ratio of B-end market to C-end market is about 8:2. According to China Chain Store & Franchise Association, at present, more than 85% of the sales channels of prefabricated vegetables are concentrated in B-end [7].

In other words, most of the prepared dishes flow to the central kitchen of the restaurant, and after being processed by the central kitchen, the prepared dishes in the form of semi-finished products continue to be delivered to various stores and finally delivered to the diners’ tables.

In 2020, 68.3% of the chain catering brands with more than 10 stores are already using the central kitchen [13].

In the survey of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, the proportion of prepared food in some head Chinese fast food companies can be close to 100%, such as Kungfu, while the proportion of prepared meals in Xibei Youmian Village and Xiaonanguo has reached more than 85% [7].

Moreover, compared with in-house food, take-away food is the growth soil of prefabricated dishes, and meals can be served simply by stir-frying, so merchants can not worry about overtime. The braised pork rice or pickled fish you ordered for lunch is probably a heated frozen fast food.

Pre-cooked dishes, a standardized product, are a perfect match with chain restaurants that pursue scale and take-away industries that pursue timeliness. The chain rate of restaurants in China is increasing, and the proportion of online take-out industry in the catering industry will reach 21.4% in 2021.

It can be predicted that as chain restaurants and takeout become more and more common, diners will be more likely to eat prefabricated dishes.

Why are prefabricated dishes so popular with chain restaurants? The reason is that prefabricated dishes can help them achieve "reducing costs and increasing efficiency".

Through the central kitchen, we can ensure the uniformity of products and reduce the risk of quality control, and the speed of eating will be accelerated, and we can entertain more guests in fixed business hours, and the revenue will naturally increase.

On the other hand, using prefabricated dishes, the kitchen in the back of the store heats it up and simply stirs it, which eliminates the need for chefs to operate, and the required manpower is also reduced, which greatly saves labor costs.

According to the calculation of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, the labor cost of restaurants will be reduced from 22% to 10% before and after using prefabricated dishes. Although the cost of raw materials will increase to some extent, the overall profit will still increase.

If it is a takeaway, the kitchen area can be further reduced and the rent cost can be lowered.

High rent and high labor are two big problems in the catering industry, both of which are solved by prefabricated dishes.

No wonder jian li, the founder of Xin Spicy Road and the chairman of Xinliangji, published bold opinions on his short video account that "in the next 10 years, 90% of chefs will be killed by prepared dishes" and "in the next 10 years, 90% of restaurants must use prepared dishes" [14].

Under the domination of assembly line production, the role of Chinese chefs has indeed been greatly reduced. If the taste is good, the power will be vested in the preparers of prefabricated dishes, and only a small number of chefs can get this "honor", while a large number of ordinary cooks know how to turn on and off the fire.

China Newsweek once reported that a 45-year-old skilled chef lost his job because his owner chose a new location in a shopping mall that restricted the use of open flames. "It may only take two minutes to heat up the prefabricated material package in 5 yuan and sell it in 25 yuan. From this point of view, the boss really doesn’t need to raise me again "[15].

Catering enterprises reduce costs and increase efficiency, but consumers are not willing — — Isn’t it the original intention of us to go to the restaurant all the way to eat the fresh and hot dishes cooked by the chef, even if there are occasional flaws?

The taste of the prepared dishes is mostly the same, and diners eat too much, and they slowly taste the clues.

In the first half of this year, "the use of prefabricated dishes in take-out and in-house meals without telling customers" became a widely complained problem, and the China Consumers Association criticized it by name, pointing out that it damaged consumers’ right to know and choose [16].

In August this year, CCTV’s Tianxia Finance reported that over 80% of chain restaurants in Guangzhou use prefabricated dishes [17], while in Shanghai, the users of prefabricated dishes even include Michelin restaurants [18].

After hearing this, a group of gourmets were thunderstruck, and related topics on social media were filled with their anger and disappointment.

The hottest controversy is that "prefabricated dishes unify the taste of restaurants". As prefabricated dishes continue to "invade" restaurants, different restaurants taste the same and have no pot gas.

Some people accuse restaurants of eating too ugly, and consumers pay the price of fried food. As a result, they get cheap fast food on the heating line, which is obviously unacceptable to consumers.

Indeed, if you go out for a meal, you can’t eat fresh ingredients and the chef’s unique skills. Anyone feels that he is a "big injustice". To suffer such a crime, it is better to order takeout or make instant noodles by himself.

When it comes to family use scenarios, solitary people who have "one person to eat" are too lazy to cook or young couples who "support their feet" want to eat some new tricks, and they may not be able to make cheap, delicious and relatively healthy meals with the help of prefabricated dishes.

They are not cheap — — Over 70% of consumers will choose to buy pre-cooked dishes above 21 yuan, and more than 14% will spend more than 40 yuan.

And they may not be so healthy — — A 258-gram prefabricated dish contains more than 2600 mg of sodium, which is too high [19].

Of course, these security risks may be solved with the improvement of industry norms, and the categories and tastes of high, medium and low-end markets will be richer and the prices will be more reasonable.

The emergence of prefabricated vegetables is the product of market demand, and the pace of life in modern society is fast. It is really convenient for many "workers" who don’t have enough time to wash vegetables, chop meat and marinate for seasoning.

However, it has always been lamented that when one day, the family kitchen is deeply invaded and the catering industry is heading for assembly line production in an all-round way, private and fresh delicacies will decline, and the "mother’s taste" will be nowhere to be found. The non-standardized and attractive Chinese food has also been eroded by industrial civilization.

No one hopes that the next "eat drink man woman" will not have the eighteen martial arts of steaming, frying, boiling, stewing and stewing, which are pleasing to the eye of Lao Zhu, but only the fancy way of tearing the packaging bag of prefabricated vegetables; Or the next "Gourmet" doesn’t have golden wisps of Buddha clothes, roasted geese in Gankun, and ecstasy rice, but only pre-made barbecued pork rice with heating time in place.

References:

  • [1] Dining Collection. (2021). 2021— 2022 China Prefabricated Vegetable Industry Development Report.
  • [2] Ai Media Consulting. (2022). Research Report on the Development Trend of China Prefabricated Vegetable Industry in 2022.
  • [3] Dining Collection. (2022). 2021— Investment and Financing Report of China Catering Industry in 2022.
  • [4] Dining Collection. (2022). Panoramic development report of China catering industry in 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from https://www.foodaily.com/articles/28152..
  • [5] Gao Huichao. (2022). Trillion prefabricated dishes ③ | Prefabricated dishes usher in a high-light moment, and in the future, enterprises will pay more attention to "basic skills. Retrieved15 September 2022 from http://www.21jingji.com/article/20220915/Herald/A0114D2B4959E192B4E38"
  • [6] Liang Pan. (2022). The first store closed, the franchisee was exposed to losses, and the tip of the tongue hero failed to cut into the prefabricated dishes? . Red Meal Industry Research Institute. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2Jc_ZIBAr7Y2VxFGIHpaSA.
  • [7] China Chain Store & Franchise Association. (2022). 2022 China Chain Restaurant Industry Report.
  • [8] China Investment Research Institute. (2022). VC/PE report for the first half of 2022.
  • [9] Taste knows fragrance. (2022). 2021 Annual Report.
  • [10] Open source securities. (2022). Weizhixiang: The epidemic situation is slightly disturbed and the multi-channel layout has great potential — — — Company information update report.
  • [11] Zhang Qi. (2022). In-depth analysis of "the first stock of prefabricated vegetables": starting from selling vegetables, the annual revenue has exceeded 700 million yuan. Red Food Industry Research Institute. Retrieved 3 October 2022 from https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_sPZzyOM0ZiSA5wJUDFhQg..
  • [12] Taste knows fragrance. (2022). Announcement of main operating data for the first half of 2022.
  • [13] China Hotel Association. (2021). China catering industry annual report.
  • [14] jian li. (2022). Within 10 years, catering prefabrication is bound to be a trend. Tik Tok. Retrieved 3 October 2022 from https://v.douyin.com/6wpr6yc/..
  • [15] Hu Kefei. (2022). Chefs disappear in the kitchen. China Newsweek. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from http://www.inewsweek.cn/viewpoint/2022-01-10/14884.shtml..
  • [16] China Consumers Association. (2022). Analysis of complaints received by the National Consumers Association in the first half of 2022. China Quality News Network. Retrieved15 September 2022 from https://www.cqn.com.cn/ms/content/2022-08/03/content _ 8847697.htm.
  • [17] CCTV. (2022). Guangzhou, Guangdong: The proportion of prefabricated dishes used in chain restaurants is over 80%. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from http://tv.cctv.com/2022/08/05/Videjn1unhd39K281WKNK6J220805.shtml. 。
  • [18] Shanghai Legal News. (2022). Looking for "pot gas" in the restaurant, even the Michelin restaurant is full of prefabricated dishes? Retrieved 15 September 2022 from https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s? __biz=MzA5MzUwOTYzNQ==&mid=2649783388&idx=4&sn=6880b45d382ef1f20b7f354a2df03f3b.
  • [19] CCTV. (2022). Yunnan: Precast dishes go to the table, and doctors warn against excessive sodium. Retrieved 15 September 2022 from https://tv.cctv.com/2022/09/05/Videllwoofjcigwiy 3UV7H5n220905.shtml. 。

Service upgrade! "Warm Home" has become a warm home for truck drivers.

"Tired, have a rest."

In Chengdu Qingbaijiang Micro-products Liandahai Industrial Park, truck driver Ye Qinghua took advantage of the cargo gap and walked into the 24-hour "rest station". The temperature in the station is suitable, and the facilities and equipment are readily available. Ye Qinghua opened the refrigerator, took out a bottle of frozen mineral water and gulped it down. "It’s very convenient here. The canteen next door also provides meals of 2 meats, 2 vegetarian dishes and 1 soup. You can eat them for free by scanning the code."

Qingbaijiang is the seat of Chengdu International Railway Port, and the trains between China and Europe (Chengdu and Chongqing) are galloping, attracting many modern logistics enterprises to settle down and simultaneously expanding the group of truck drivers. As one of the busiest logistics industrial parks in Chengdu, Dahai ranks first in the city in terms of storage capacity, distribution capacity and truck flow. Every day, thousands of trucks loaded with goods come in and out from here, transporting tens of thousands of tons of goods between Chengdu and other cities.

The "rest station" in Chengdu Qingbaijiang Dahai Industrial Park. Photo courtesy of Dahai Industrial Park

In view of the characteristics of large mobility and scattered aggregation of truck drivers. In 2022, Dahai Industrial Park opened the "Rongouyi Warm Heart House", which provided one-stop services such as parking and maintenance to meet the needs of truck drivers who want to "drink hot water, eat hot meals, take a hot bath and sleep well". Last year, combined with the business model of truck drivers in the park, Dahai Industrial Park launched several "rest stops", with air conditioners, televisions, water dispensers, recliners, books and newspapers, which further upgraded the service model of "Warm Heart Home". According to Li Lianglun, director of Chengdu Dahai Comprehensive Management Department, after the launch of the "rest station", truck drivers use the station service more than a thousand times a month.

The "rest post" has perfect internal functions and facilities. Photo courtesy of Dahai Industrial Park

Since 2021, Sichuan has explored a new path of high-quality development of the industry with "wheel party building", and innovated to create an upgraded version of the driver’s home-the "warm-hearted home" for truck drivers. At present, 26 related points have been built. According to the person in charge of the Sichuan Provincial Department of Transportation, the "Warm Home" is laid out along highways, ordinary national and provincial roads, logistics parks and inland ports in the province. According to the plan, 37 "Warm Home" points will be built in Sichuan before 2025, realizing full coverage of the main freight logistics channels in the province. On the basis of broadening the points, more considerate services are also being launched.

Jintang Service Area of Chengde South Expressway has established the first "warm-hearted home" for truck drivers in the province. In the "warm-hearted home", the laundry and drying area, shower area and kitchen area are well-equipped, providing drivers and passengers with services such as bringing their own bedding to stay at the minimum of one yuan, and the "one meat and two vegetables" box lunch sold in the service area is at the minimum of ten yuan, striving for convenience and practicality.

"This is the warm home of our truck driver."

"The space is clean, the service is good, the bath is very comfortable, and the mood of the sports car is good."

……

On the register of "Warm Heart House", the truck driver expressed his affirmation of this service through a series of real messages.

On this basis, in 2023, the Jintang service area of Chengde South Expressway launched the Warm Heart Health Service Station, which opened up a safe, healthy and green rescue channel to provide health promotion, emergency rescue and safety guarantee to the drivers and passengers in the past service areas.

Warm Heart Health Service Station is equipped with automatic external defibrillator (AED), sphygmomanometer and standing medicine box. Jintang Service Area, in conjunction with county transportation department and health department, has opened a medical green rescue channel nearby and provided a special telephone for green rescue. In case of emergency, the service area staff can contact the local hospital ambulance personnel and quickly link to medical resources, so that the drivers and passengers who are in urgent need of treatment can get the most timely and fastest medical treatment.

Warm heart health service station in Jintang service area of Chengde South Expressway. Photo courtesy of service area

In January of this year, Ms. Wang, a driver and passenger, was sent to the post station by her friends because she was flustered, short of breath and weak. In the post station, the staff gave Ms. Wang a simple care and contacted the hospital through the emergency phone. It took only 14 minutes. The ambulance arrived at the post station and transferred Ms. Wang to the hospital for treatment.

"The service station is committed to rapid discovery, timely treatment and effective treatment of patients, and provides a safe and healthy travel service experience for drivers and passengers in all directions." According to Yue Dongxue, director of Jintang Service Area of Chengde South Expressway, in the early stage, they conducted emergency rescue skills training to improve the self-help and mutual rescue ability of the service area in response to emergencies and accidental injuries. It is convenient for rapid discovery, timely treatment and effective treatment of patients. "Provide a safe and healthy travel service experience for drivers and passengers in all directions." She said.

Musk, China is good

  On the first day of Tesla’s founder and CEO Elon Musk’s arrival in China, Tesla welcomed the benefits.

  On April 28th, China Automobile Industry Association and National Computer Network Emergency Technology Processing Coordination Center issued the Notice on Testing Four Safety Requirements for Automobile Data Processing, and all the models produced in Tesla Giga Shanghai met the compliance requirements. Previously, Tesla had realized local data storage in Tesla Shanghai Data Center in 2021. In addition, Tesla introduced a third-party authority to audit the company’s information security management system and passed the security management system certification (ISO27001).

  Musk said on the social platform on April 28 that Tesla will invest about 10 billion US dollars in AI training and reasoning in 2024, and the latter is mainly used for automobiles. If any company can’t reach this level of expenditure and can’t spend efficiently, it can’t participate in the competition.

  Six car companies, including Tesla, passed all four requirements of national automobile data security.

  At the invitation of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, on the afternoon of April 28th, Tesla founder and CEO Musk arrived in Beijing. Musk said that he was glad to see the progress of electric vehicles in China, and all cars will be electric in the future. On April 28th, Tesla issued a document saying that it will continue to deepen its cultivation in China, develop together with the industry in the fields of artificial intelligence, electric vehicles and energy storage, accelerate the landing of clean energy and autonomous driving technology, and turn the beautiful vision into reality.

  On April 28th, the Technical Department of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers disclosed the notification on the detection of four safety requirements for automobile data processing (the first batch). According to the report, there are six car companies, including (), Ideality, Lotus, Hezhong New Energy, Tesla and Weilai, and a total of 76 models meet the four compliance requirements for automotive data security.

  According to the circular, in order to standardize automobile data processing activities, protect users’ legitimate rights and interests, encourage head car manufacturers to play a role as a benchmark, and promote the formation of a good environment for the whole society to jointly safeguard automobile data security and promote the development of the automobile industry, China Automobile Industry Association and the National Computer Network Emergency Technology Processing Coordination Center are based on the "Several Provisions on Automobile Data Security Management (Trial)" and GB/T 41871-2022 "Information Security Technology Automobile Data Processing Safety Requirements" and other laws and standards, and in accordance with the principle of voluntary inspection by enterprises. Since November, 2023, we have organized the inspection of automobile data safety compliance of newly listed intelligent networked vehicles of automobile manufacturers in 2022-2023. This test covers four compliance requirements, such as anonymous processing of external face information, default not to collect cockpit data, in-vehicle processing of cockpit data, and significant notification of personal information.

  Notice on the Detection of Four Safety Requirements for Automobile Data Processing disclosed by the Technical Department of China Automobile Association

  Some senior auto industry analysts analyzed the Shanghai Stock Exchange reporter, and this incident released two signals: 1. The state has formulated clear rules for auto data security. 2. All car companies are treated equally before the rules, including wholly foreign-owned car companies. "Obviously, this will help foreign investors to invest in China and further expand their investment in China. At the same time, it also shows that the state has been making efforts to improve the foreign investment environment. "

  Tesla FSD landing requires data acquisition and other preparations.

  On April 28th, Musk, who just arrived in Beijing, said on social media that Tesla will invest about $10 billion in AI training and reasoning this year, and reasoning is mainly used in cars. Musk said that any company that spends less than $10 billion a year or cannot deploy it efficiently cannot compete in the market.

  In January, 2024, Tesla added $500 million in new investment and purchased about 10,000 NVIDIA H100 GPU for the training of autonomous driving. According to statistics, Tesla may have more than 30,000 H100 GPU. Musk recently said that Tesla may be the second company with the number of H100 GPU in NVIDIA, second only to Meta, and xAI ranked third.

  Tesla’s heavy investment in AI is aimed at the future business opportunities of autonomous driving. Musk said that Tesla will launch a driverless taxi on August 8, 2024. Recently, Tesla gradually began to push to North American users on a large scale based on end-to-end FSD V12. FSD V12 achieves the goal of autonomous driving through a large amount of video training data, which enables Tesla to save hundreds of thousands of lines of code. However, training such AI autopilot requires a lot of computing power. Musk said in August, 2023 that Tesla will soon launch a GPU cluster consisting of 10,000 NVIDIA H100′ s to train the new FSD system.

  In terms of price, just in April, Tesla lowered its offer for FSD(Full-Self Driving, referred to as "FSD") twice to attract users. Just a week ago, Tesla announced that the price of its FSD system package was lowered by about one-third from $12,000 to $8,000, just after lowering the price of models in the Chinese and American markets. Prior to this, on April 13th, Tesla announced that the monthly subscription price of FSD (supervised) had dropped from $199 to $99, and the subscription price was directly "halved".

  Musk predicts that Tesla’s FSD test mileage needs to reach 6 billion miles to meet the requirements of global regulators. The data released by Tesla on April 6 shows that the actual test mileage of FSD is 1 billion miles. At present, Tesla FSD has been upgraded to the end-to-end version of V12.3, no longer relying on traditional rule codes, but relying entirely on neural networks and data drivers.

  According to industry experts, if Tesla FSD lands in China, the data collection, model training and computing center will be regarded as the key. () The research report points out that if FSD is popularized in China, the whole set of closed-loop data needs to be made in China, and preparations should be made in terms of data collection and model training, and whether the BEV sensing scheme can be well adapted locally should be considered. In China, FSD mapping may need to cooperate with China manufacturers, and Tesla needs to set up a local computing center and a local algorithm adaptation team.

  Us regulators release Tesla Autopilot survey summary report

  The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) revealed last Friday that it has started a new investigation into Tesla. The survey covers Model Y, X, S, 3 and Cybertruck vehicles equipped with Autopilot, which were produced in the United States from 2012 to 2024.

  At the same time, NHTSA has launched an investigation into Tesla’s Autopilot recall in December last year. The agency found that the Autopilot autopilot system could not fully ensure the driver to concentrate on the driving task, and it would lead to the driver’s overconfidence in the function of the system. According to the report, these factors led to foreseeable misuse and avoidable accidents, of which at least 13 accidents involved one or more deaths.

  NHTSA concluded that there was a "critical safety gap" between the driver’s ability expectation of Tesla Autopilot system and the real ability of the system, which led to a series of avoidable accidents. Tesla conducted a recall of 2 million American Tesla vehicles in December last year, and improved the driver monitoring system of these vehicles through software upgrades.

  Tesla’s share price closed down 1.11% last Friday, with a cumulative decline of more than 30% this year. Tesla’s previously released financial report for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024 showed that the revenue in the quarter fell by nearly 9% year-on-year, the decline in revenue was the highest in 12 years, and the net profit dropped by 55% year-on-year. The key indicators of the financial report were all lower than expected.

  According to another report, US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) documents show that Drew Baglino, a former senior vice president of Tesla who announced his resignation earlier this month, sold about 1.14 million shares of the company, with a total value of about 181.5 million US dollars. According to the document, Baglino also reduced its holdings of Tesla shares twice this year, with a total value of about 4 million US dollars.

  Examined by: Zhu Jianhua Producer: Zhang Xiaoguang Issued by: Lin Yanxing.

International institutions are optimistic about China’s economic development prospects.

  According to the latest data released by the Ministry of Commerce of China, the actual amount of foreign capital used in China in the first month of the year was 127.69 billion yuan, up by 14.5% year-on-year. The scale has steadily increased and the structure has been continuously optimized, which shows that China is still a hot spot for foreign investment. International organizations and foreign-funded enterprises in China have expressed their optimism about China’s economic development prospects, believing that China’s economy will make generate more dynamic and bring more market opportunities and development dividends to the world.

  In January this year, Standard Chartered Bank was granted permission to set up a wholly foreign-owned securities company in China, becoming the third wholly foreign-owned securities company approved after JPMorgan Chase Securities and Goldman Sachs Gaohua Securities. "China unswervingly promotes high-quality development, deepens reform and opening up, and especially continues to promote financial opening up on a higher level, which provides huge development opportunities for foreign financial institutions." Zhang Xiaolei, head of Standard Chartered Bank, said.

  Schroeder Fund was recently approved to set up a wholly foreign-owned Public Offering of Fund management company in China, becoming the fifth wholly foreign-owned Public Offering of Fund company in China. Guo Wei, the person in charge of Schroeder’s investment, said: "This cannot be separated from the support of a series of favorable policies of the China government to expand the opening up of the financial industry. We will actively promote the preparatory work. "

  According to the latest annual questionnaire survey of the German Chamber of Commerce in China, half of the enterprises surveyed expressed their willingness to continue to invest in the China market, and nearly 80% of the enterprises surveyed held a positive attitude towards the medium and long-term prospects of the China market, hoping to gain opportunities in the tide of scientific and technological innovation in China.

  "From the extensive growth of scale and speed to the intensive growth of quality and efficiency, and from the drive of factor investment to the drive of innovation, the continuous reform in China will help achieve high-quality development." Kang Zhongzhi, an economist of the International Monetary Fund, said in an interview with this reporter that in recent years, China’s capital market has been more deeply integrated into the global financial market system, and the negative list of foreign investment access has been reduced for several consecutive years. At the same time, China has given full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, continuously strengthened the protection of intellectual property rights and deepened the reform of the household registration system, which has enhanced the vitality of market competition and the mobility of labor. China has achieved tangible results in promoting structural reforms on the supply side, and the economy will further achieve high-quality development in the future.

  On January 8th, China resumed China citizens’ outbound tourism in an orderly manner, and gradually resumed the entry and exit of passengers at land and waterway ports. A number of foreign countries in the Chinese Chamber of Commerce recently said that this move has brought obvious benefits to the regional economy and global trade. The British Chamber of Commerce in China issued a statement saying that as the epidemic prevention and control entered a new stage, the optimism of enterprises continued to rise, and "China has once again become a priority investment destination".

  The report released by the African Development Bank in January believed that after China optimized and adjusted its epidemic prevention policy, Asia, as an important export market in Africa, would achieve steady growth, thus expanding the development space of Africa.

  Park Zhi-shui, chief economist of the Asian Development Bank, said that China’s economic recovery will greatly promote the Asian economy. The sharp rebound in consumer demand in China not only boosted the exports of trading partners to China, but also benefited all value chains connected with China.

  Goldman Sachs Group recently released a report saying that the accelerated recovery of China’s economy will boost global economic growth. "With the improvement of global financial conditions and the increase of international trade, the spillover effect of China’s economic growth will be even greater".

How to prevent the high incidence of influenza? The CDC has a reminder!

All-media reporter Ruan Lu Intern Lu Qun Correspondent Wang Yijun

At present, the weather is getting colder and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is in the high incidence season of influenza.

Huang Li, deputy director of the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the State Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Li Fuqiang, an expert on planned immunization, warmly reminded that to prevent seasonal high-incidence respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, we should make preparations in advance, raise awareness of disease prevention and strengthen health protection.

What is the flu?

Influenza (hereinafter referred to as "influenza") is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is harmful to human health. It can be divided into four types: A, B, C and D. Seasonal influenza viruses include subtype A H3N2, subtype A H1N1 (pdm09), strain B Victoria and strain B Yamagata.

According to Huang Li, the flu mainly manifests as fever, headache, general malaise and other symptoms, and the body temperature can reach 39~40 degrees Celsius. Children’s fever is usually higher than that of adults, and the symptoms may include chills, chills, aching muscles and joints all over the body, fatigue, accompanied by loss of appetite, etc., as well as sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, retrosternal discomfort, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and so on.

Influenza is mainly spread by droplets such as sneezing and coughing. Influenza virus survives in the air for about half an hour. It can be infected by direct or indirect contact with oral cavity, nasal cavity, eyes and other mucous membranes, and it can also be infected by touching articles infected by the virus. In crowded, closed and poorly ventilated places, influenza may also spread in the form of aerosol.

People are generally susceptible to influenza virus, and most of them are self-limited. Some patients will have complications, which can develop to severe illness or even death. The elderly over 65 years old, children under 5 years old, especially children under 2 years old, pregnant women and patients with basic diseases are high-risk groups of influenza and need special attention.

Huang Li reminded that maintaining good personal hygiene habits is an important means to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. For example, wash your hands frequently, keep indoor ventilation, try to avoid going to crowded places, have a balanced diet, exercise, and minimize rubbing your eyes, nose and mouth when you are in public places. You should also pay attention to regular work and rest, balanced nutrition, avoid overwork, and maintain your immunity. It is best to wear a mask when you go to a medical institution for medical treatment.

"In addition, the most effective means to prevent influenza is to inject influenza vaccine, especially for key populations. Annual influenza vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications." Huang Li said.

It is recommended to vaccinate against influenza in time.

According to Li Fuqiang, according to the Technical Guide for Vaccination of Influenza Vaccine in China (2023-2024) recently issued by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, annual vaccination with influenza vaccine is an effective means to prevent influenza, which can effectively reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications among the vaccinators. Suggest ≥ People who are 6 months old and have no vaccination contraindications should be vaccinated against influenza, especially the following key groups are recommended to give priority to vaccination:

1 medical personnel, including clinical rescue personnel, public health personnel, health and quarantine personnel, etc.;

2. Participants and security personnel in large-scale activities;

3. Vulnerable people and employees in old-age care institutions, long-term care institutions, welfare homes and other crowd gathering places;

4. People in key places, such as kindergartens, teachers and students in primary and secondary schools, and detainees and staff in prison institutions;

Family members and caregivers of infants under 5.6 months old and pregnant women;

6. Other people at high risk of influenza, including elderly people aged 60 and above, children aged 6 months to 5 years, and patients with chronic diseases.

Usually, antibodies with protective level can be produced after 2~4 weeks of influenza vaccination, and it is best to complete the vaccination before the peak of influenza epidemic in autumn and winter. In the same influenza epidemic season, people who have completed the whole vaccination according to the vaccination procedures do not need to be vaccinated again.

Li Fuqiang introduced that influenza vaccine is a non-immunization program vaccine, and residents can be informed, voluntary and self-funded. At present, influenza vaccines used in China are mainly divided into two categories: inactivated influenza virus vaccine and live attenuated influenza virus vaccine. The influenza vaccines approved for marketing in China include trivalent inactivated vaccine (IIV3), trivalent inactivated vaccine (LAIV3) and tetravalent inactivated vaccine (IIV4), all of which can effectively prevent influenza virus infection. Residents can choose one influenza vaccine by themselves. At present, there are sufficient reserves of influenza vaccine in vaccination clinics all over the state.

Because influenza virus is easy to mutate, it is necessary to get flu vaccine every year. Like many other vaccines, influenza vaccination does not necessarily mean that you will not get the flu, but it can alleviate the symptoms after getting the flu, significantly reduce the risk of developing into a serious illness, and avoid developing into a serious illness and death.

Experts from the State Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminded that residents who care for their health can get the flu vaccine as soon as possible, especially those who have children, pregnant women, the elderly and other key personnel at home, and should take the initiative to vaccinate the whole family as soon as possible to build a family immune barrier to protect themselves and their families from the flu. You can go to the nearest community health service center (community health service station), the vaccination clinic of township hospitals and the health department of the hospital for vaccination. You can also make an online appointment through WeChat WeChat official account of Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and make an appointment in advance for the vaccination clinic and vaccination time, which is more time-saving and convenient.

How do students and parents take precautions?

The flu is coming, how can students and parents prevent it? Huang Li suggested that personal protection is the most important, and ventilation and disinfection should not be forgotten.

Students and parents need to do personal protection, wear masks, wash their hands frequently, pay attention to cough etiquette, try to avoid going to crowded places and avoid close contact with people with respiratory symptoms. If family members have respiratory symptoms, they should rest at home, observe their health, go to work and attend classes without illness, and wear masks when they are in close contact.

Children’s three meals a day need balanced nutrition, appropriately increase high-quality protein such as meat, eggs and milk, and eat more fruits rich in vitamin C. Ensure the length of children’s sleep, and adequate sleep has a positive impact on enhancing physical fitness. Primary school students should sleep 10 hours a day, junior high school students 9 hours and senior high school students 8 hours.

Always ventilate your home and keep the environment clean. Open the window for ventilation 2~3 times a day, with no less than 30 minutes each time. If it is inconvenient to open the window for ventilation, mechanical ventilation can be carried out with the help of an exhaust fan. After patients appear in the family, the surfaces of environmental objects contacted by patients can be disinfected with chlorine-containing disinfectant containing 250 mg/liter of available chlorine, or wiped with disinfectant wipes, and the surfaces of small items can be wiped with 75% alcohol.

Huang Li stressed that in addition, students and parents should be vaccinated as soon as possible. For high-risk groups such as young children who have not been vaccinated with influenza, vaccination as soon as the influenza vaccine is available can play a good preventive and protective role.

How do schools and kindergartens prevent it?

Li Fuqiang suggested that schools and kindergartens should do a good job in health monitoring, strengthen ventilation and disinfection, and build a strong immune defense line during the high-incidence season of influenza.

Schools and kindergartens should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections and full-day observation. Strengthen the registration system of absence due to illness, grasp the reasons of students’ absence, and find and report early. When influenza cases occur, patients should be allowed to rest at home to reduce the spread of the disease.

Schools should take advantage of students’ recess, physical education class, after school and other periods to strengthen classroom ventilation, so as to keep the classroom air circulating and fresh. Every morning, noon and evening, windows should be opened for ventilation, and the ventilation time should not be less than 30 minutes each time. Every day after school, the key places in the classroom should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Nursery institutions should clean and disinfect students’ toys and other items every day.

Schools should publicize influenza prevention knowledge to teachers and students through radio, LED screens, blackboard newspapers, billboards, leaflets and lectures, do a good job in health education, help teachers and students develop good personal habits such as washing hands frequently, wearing masks and coughing etiquette, and improve their self-prevention ability. In addition, during the epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, schools should try to reduce or avoid large-scale gatherings and other collective activities to reduce the risk of transmission.

Guangzhou disease control: the level of influenza activity has obviously increased, and influenza A and B viruses are common.

  At present, the temperature in winter is changeable, cold and hot, and respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza enter the high-incidence season.

  According to the press conference of the National Health and Wellness Committee, at present, with the continuous winter in various places, respiratory diseases have entered a period of high incidence. Monitoring shows that influenza is the main infectious disease of respiratory tract recently. In addition, there are rhinovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and so on.

  Recent monitoring in Guangzhou shows that acute respiratory infectious diseases mainly caused by influenza and mycoplasma pneumoniae are active, and respiratory infections caused by rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and other common respiratory pathogens are intertwined. In particular, the level of influenza activity has increased significantly. At present, influenza A (H3N2 subtype) and influenza B (Victoria strain) are prevalent at the same time, and influenza is gradually entering the winter epidemic period.

  How to judge which pathogen is infected? Influenza, mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus infection will all have symptoms such as cough and fever. How to distinguish them?

  flu

  Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Influenza patients and recessive infected people are the main sources of influenza infection, and the transmission route is mainly droplet transmission, but also through direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes.

  The incubation period is 1-4 days, and the acute onset is mainly manifested as fever (high fever can occur in some cases, reaching 39-40℃), cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia and general malaise, and there may be symptoms such as chills, chills, aches and pains in muscles and joints all over the body, fatigue and loss of appetite. Some patients may be accompanied by vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, which are more common in children.

  Influenza patients generally have a good prognosis. After 3-4 days of onset, their body temperature gradually subsides and their systemic symptoms improve. However, children, the elderly, people with basic diseases, obese people and pregnant women are prone to develop into severe diseases after infection, so they should be treated promptly.

  Vaccination with influenza vaccine can effectively reduce infection, even if it is infected, it can also reduce the incidence, and even if it is infected, it can also reduce the severity of the disease.

  Mycoplasma pneumoniae

  Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the smallest known microorganism that can live independently between bacteria and viruses. It is mainly transmitted by droplets and direct contact, and the population is generally susceptible, especially in children and adolescents over 5 years old. Usually, when the seasons change, for example, when summer turns to autumn or autumn turns to winter, there may be local and short-lived clustering epidemics.

  The incubation period is 2-3 weeks, and the main symptoms are similar to those of most respiratory diseases, with fever and cough as the main symptoms. Generally, the cough is severe, and it may last for 1-2 weeks after the fever has gone down. After children are infected with mycoplasma, most of them show upper respiratory tract infection, a small number of them are lower respiratory tract infection (possibly bronchitis or pneumonia), and a small number of them may develop into severe mycoplasma pneumonia.

  Generally speaking, after mycoplasma infection, there will be no repeated infection in a short period of time (1-2 months). It should be noted that if the symptoms of infection recur, it is often that the last mycoplasma pneumoniae infection did not heal, and the local lesions were not completely removed and secondary infection occurred.

  At present, there is no vaccine to prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. If you have fever accompanied by severe cough, you should see a doctor in time, find out the cause as soon as possible, standardize the treatment, and avoid using drugs blindly.

  Respiratory syncytial virus

  Respiratory syncytial virus is a common and highly contagious RNA virus. Spread through droplets and close contact, or spread through contaminated hands and surfaces.

  The incubation period is usually 2-8 days, and detoxification can last for 1-3 weeks. Patients often have upper respiratory symptoms after infection, and the typical symptoms of children infected with syncytial virus are fever, cough, stuffy nose and runny nose. The typical symptoms of adult infection are very similar to the common cold, such as low-grade fever, cough, stuffy nose and runny nose.

  Most patients’ symptoms will disappear spontaneously within 1-2 weeks, and a small number can develop into lower respiratory tract infection (i.e. bronchiolitis or pneumonia), which is more common in young infants. Clinical symptoms include cough and wheezing.

  At present, there are no syncytial virus vaccines and special therapeutic drugs on the market in China. Syncytial virus can be repeatedly infected and easily spread at home, and infection can be prevented by strengthening personal protection and other measures.

  Rhinovirus

  Rhinovirus is one of the main pathogens causing the common cold. Mainly through direct contact and droplet transmission; Infants, the elderly and immunocompromised people are susceptible to rhinovirus.

  The incubation period is 2-5 days, and the clinical manifestations are mainly runny nose, sneezing, throat discomfort, nasal congestion, cough, mild sore throat, low or slightly elevated body temperature, often accompanied by sinusitis and otitis media. Although rhinovirus infection can gain immunity, it lasts for a short time, so people can be infected with rhinovirus repeatedly.

  At present, there is no specific prevention and treatment method. The patient’s condition is generally self-limited, with mild symptoms and can be cured in a week or so.

  adenovirus

  Adenovirus is not a new virus, it is a common virus that causes respiratory infection in children, and it is the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children. It can spread through droplets, close contact and fecal-oral route, and can also spread through water. Babies over 6 months old, school-age children and immunocompromised people are the high-risk groups of adenovirus infection.

  The course of disease is usually 5-7 days, but the symptoms may last for up to 2 weeks, which may be complicated with bacterial infection. Symptoms vary according to the affected parts, and may include: fever, sore throat, runny nose, cough, earache, conjunctivitis (also known as "red eye"), diarrhea and hoarseness.

  Adenovirus infection is mostly self-limited and supportive treatment is adopted. Antiviral therapy is usually only used for severe adenovirus disease, and most of these patients have impaired immune function.

  At present, there is no adenovirus vaccine in China, and the prevention of adenovirus infection mainly focuses on hygiene, especially hand hygiene.

  How to scientifically prevent respiratory diseases in daily life?

  1. Wash your hands frequently. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer and flowing water. Cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or paper towel when sneezing or coughing to avoid polluting your hands and the surrounding environment.

  2. More ventilation. Keep the indoor air circulating, and generally ventilate 2-3 times a day at home in winter for about 30 minutes each time.

  3. gather less. During the epidemic of infectious diseases in winter and spring, try not to go to crowded places and avoid contact with patients with respiratory diseases. It is recommended to wear masks when you need to go.

  4. Drink plenty of boiled water. Keep the nasal mucosa moist, effectively resist the invasion of viruses, and also facilitate the excretion of toxins in the body and purify the environment in the body.

  5. Eat a balanced diet and exercise properly to enhance your physical fitness (outdoor activities should be reduced in foggy days).

  6. Vaccinate. Vaccine is an effective means to prevent related infectious diseases. For infectious diseases such as influenza, chickenpox and mumps, susceptible people can be prevented by vaccination in advance.

  7. Once infected with infectious diseases in winter and spring, patients should take hospitalization or rest at home according to their illness and doctor’s advice, and avoid participating in group activities and entering public places during this period. Resume daily activities such as going to school and going to work after it is not contagious.

  Source: "Guangzhou CDC I Health" WeChat WeChat official account

Foreign media: China and Pakistan have reached an agreement to conduct large-scale trade using local currency instead of intermediate currency US dollar.

  [Global Network Reporter Zhang Xiaoya] According to Agence France-Presse, the Brazilian government said on March 29th that China and Brazil had reached an agreement to trade in local currency instead of using the US dollar as an intermediate currency.

  Agence France-Presse said that this agreement will enable China and Brazil, the largest economy in Latin America, to conduct large-scale trade and financial transactions directly, and exchange RMB for the real, and vice versa, instead of using the US dollar as an intermediate currency. The report said that the agreement was announced after the China-Pakistan high-level business forum held in Beijing. In January this year, the two sides reached a preliminary agreement on this.

  "This is expected to reduce costs … … Promote bilateral trade and investment facilitation. " The Brazilian Export Investment Promotion Agency said in a statement.

  Agence France-Presse said that China is Brazil’s largest trading partner, with bilateral trade reaching a record $150.5 billion last year.

  Bloomberg reported on March 25th that before Brazilian President Lula’s visit to China, hundreds of representatives of Brazilian agricultural enterprises "flocked to Beijing" this week, seeking to increase export cooperation with China and attract investment. Reuters also said that the delegation visiting China is huge, including cabinet ministers, governors, parliamentarians and 240 business leaders. Most of Brazil’s beef, soybeans and wood pulp are exported to China. Brazilian Foreign Ministry officials said that Brazil hopes to expand its trade with China beyond the export of iron ore, soybeans, soybean oil and meat, and is ready to sign agreements on technology, innovation and sustainable development.

  According to the news published on the website of the People’s Bank of China in February, recently, the People’s Bank of China and the Central Bank of Brazil signed a memorandum of cooperation on establishing RMB clearing arrangements in Brazil. The establishment of RMB clearing arrangements in Brazil will be beneficial to enterprises and financial institutions in China and Pakistan to use RMB for cross-border transactions, and further promote the facilitation of bilateral trade and investment.

Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on printing and distributing the measures for the administration of real-name syst

Jianshi [2019] No.18

Housing and Urban-Rural Development Departments of all provinces and autonomous regions, Human Resources and Social Security Departments, Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committees of municipalities directly under the Central Government, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and Human Resources and Social Security Bureau:

  The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security have formulated the Measures for the Administration of Real-name System for Construction Workers (Trial) in order to implement the requirements of the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Comprehensively Governing the Wage Arrears of Migrant Workers (Guo Ban Fa [2016] No.1) and the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Construction Industry (Guo Ban Fa [2017] No.19). Is issued to you, please combine the actual situation in the region, conscientiously implement.

Ministry of housing and urban-rural development of the people’s Republic of China

ministry of human resources and social security of the people’s republic of china

February 17, 2019

Measures for the administration of real-name system for construction workers (for Trial Implementation)

  Article 1 In order to standardize the order of the construction market, strengthen the management of construction workers, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of construction workers and construction enterprises, ensure the project quality and safe production, cultivate professional and skilled construction workers, and promote the sustained and healthy development of the construction industry, in accordance with the Construction Law, the Labor Contract Law, the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Comprehensively Governing the Wage Arrears of Migrant Workers (Guo Ban Fa [2016] No.1) and the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Construction Industry,

  Article 2 The term "real-name registration system of construction workers" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the system of comprehensive management of the employment, training, skills and rights protection of construction workers recruited by construction enterprises by means of authentication of real identity information.

  Article 3 These Measures shall apply to housing construction and municipal infrastructure projects.

  Article 4 The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shall be responsible for formulating the national regulations on the management of real-name system for construction workers, and guiding and supervising the implementation of real-name system management for construction workers in various places; Responsible for organizing the implementation of the planning, construction and management of the national construction worker management service information platform, and formulating the data standard of the national construction worker management service information platform.

  Article 5 The housing and urban-rural construction departments and human resources and social security departments below the provincial level (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall be responsible for the real-name management of construction workers in their respective administrative areas, formulate the real-name management system for construction workers, and urge construction enterprises to fully implement the requirements for the real-name management of construction workers at the construction site; Responsible for establishing and perfecting the real-name management platform for construction workers in this administrative region, ensuring the completeness, timeliness and accuracy of all data, and realizing the communication and sharing with the national construction workers management service information platform.

  Article 6 The construction unit shall agree with the construction enterprise on the relevant contents of implementing the real-name management of construction workers, urge the construction enterprise to implement various measures for the real-name management of construction workers, create conditions for the construction enterprise to implement the real-name management of construction workers, and pay the wages of construction workers in full and on time to the special account for wages opened by the construction enterprise in the bank according to the progress of the project.

  Article 7 A construction enterprise shall undertake the responsibility of real-name management of construction workers on the construction site, formulate its own real-name management system for construction workers, equip full-time (part-time) real-name management personnel for construction workers, and upload relevant data to the real-name management platform of construction workers of relevant departments in real time, accurately and completely through information means.

  General contracting enterprises (including construction general contracting, engineering general contracting and professional contracting enterprises that directly sign contracts with the construction unit according to law, the same below) take overall responsibility for the real-name management of construction workers who undertake the project, while subcontracting enterprises take direct responsibility for the real-name management of construction workers they employ, and cooperate with general contracting enterprises to do relevant work.

  Eighth full implementation of the real-name management system for migrant workers in the construction industry, adhere to the construction enterprises and migrant workers to sign labor contracts before entering the site for construction. Construction enterprises should sign labor contracts with recruited construction workers according to law, provide them with basic safety training, and register on the real-name management platform of relevant construction workers before allowing them to enter the construction site to engage in activities related to construction operations.

  Article 9 Project managers such as project leaders, technical leaders, quality leaders, safety leaders, and labor leaders shall bear the corresponding responsibilities for the real-name management of construction workers who undertake the project. Project managers and construction workers of construction units, contractors and supervision units who enter the construction site are all included in the real-name management of construction workers.

  Tenth construction workers should cooperate with the relevant departments and the real-name management of the construction enterprises, and must sign labor contracts and receive basic safety training before entering the site.

  Eleventh real-name registration system information of construction workers consists of basic information, employment information, integrity information and other contents.

  The basic information should include the identity card information, education level, type of work (major), skill level (professional title or post certificate) and basic safety training of construction workers and project managers.

  Employment information should include jobs, labor contract signing, attendance, salary payment and employment records.

  Credit information should include credit evaluation, complaint reporting, good and bad behavior records and other information.

  Twelfth general contracting enterprises should be based on the real identity information, collect the basic information of construction workers and project management personnel entering the construction site, and timely verify and update; Truly and completely record the employment information of construction workers’ jobs, labor contract signing, attendance and salary payment, and establish a real-name management ledger for construction workers; According to the real-name management requirements of construction workers where the project is located, the collected information of construction workers will be uploaded to relevant departments in time.

  Construction workers who have entered the national construction workers management service information platform and have no data update for more than one year (including one year) shall be re-trained in basic safety when they are engaged in construction work, and relevant information shall be recorded, otherwise they shall not enter the construction site for post work.

  Thirteenth construction enterprises should be equipped with hardware facilities and equipment necessary to realize the management of construction workers in real-name registration system. In principle, the construction site should be closed, an entrance and exit access control system should be set up, and biometric technologies such as face, fingerprint and iris should be used for electronic punching. Engineering projects that do not have closed management conditions should adopt technologies such as mobile positioning and electronic fence to implement attendance management. Relevant electronic attendance and electronic files such as images and videos shall be kept for at least 2 years.

  The cost of implementing the real-name management of construction workers can be included in the safety civilized construction measures and management fee.

  Article 14 A construction enterprise shall, according to the labor contract, directly pay wages to construction workers in full monthly through the special account for wages of migrant workers, and set up a "notice board for rights protection of construction workers" in a prominent position on the construction site to disclose relevant information.

  Article 15 Housing and urban-rural construction departments at all levels, human resources and social security departments, construction enterprises, system platform development and application units shall formulate systems and take measures to ensure the safety of data and information related to real-name management of construction workers, as well as the authenticity and integrity of real-name registration system information of construction workers, and shall not omit or conceal it.

  Article 16 Housing and urban-rural construction departments and human resources and social security departments at all levels should strengthen data sharing with relevant departments, establish an early warning mechanism for the protection of construction workers’ rights and interests through data utilization analysis and the use of new media and information technology channels, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of construction workers and improve their ability to serve them.

  Seventeenth housing and urban-rural construction departments at all levels, human resources and social security departments should supervise and inspect the implementation of real-name management of construction workers by lower departments, and order rectification within a time limit for problems found; Refused to rectification or rectification is not in place, to interview the relevant responsible person; After the interview, it still refuses to make rectification or rectification is not in place, which is included in the scope of key supervision and brought to the attention of relevant departments for accountability.

  Article 18 Housing and urban-rural construction departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the requirements of "double randomness and one openness", strengthen the daily inspection of the implementation of the real-name management system for construction workers at the construction site of their respective administrative areas, and investigate and handle complaints and reports related to the real-name management of construction workers. Those who violate the labor security rights and interests of construction workers, such as not signing labor contracts according to law and unpaid wages, shall be dealt with by the human resources and social security department in conjunction with the housing and urban-rural construction department according to law; Illegal problems or case clues involving the functions of other departments should be transferred in time according to the division of responsibilities.

  Nineteenth housing and urban-rural construction departments at all levels can include the real-name management of construction workers in the standardized site assessment content. Real-name registration system information of construction workers can be used as the basis for relevant departments to deal with labor disputes of construction workers. All relevant departments should formulate incentive measures to support construction enterprises that effectively implement the real-name management of construction workers. If there is no wage arrears within a certain period of time, the wage deposit for migrant workers can be reduced or exempted.

  Article 20 The housing and urban-rural construction departments at all levels shall correct the irregularities of enterprises and individuals found in the supervision and inspection, such as fraud, omission and concealment, make rectification within a time limit, enter them into the real-name management platform of construction workers and upload them to relevant departments in time. Refuse to rectify or rectification is not in place, can be dealt with through exposure, verification of enterprise qualifications, etc., there is wage arrears, can increase the proportion of migrant workers’ wage deposit payment, and record related bad behavior in enterprise or personal credit files, and announce it to the public through the national construction market supervision public service platform.

  Twenty-first it is strictly forbidden for housing and urban-rural construction departments at all levels and human resources and social security departments to designate construction enterprises to purchase related products in the name of implementing the real-name management of construction workers; It is not allowed to arbitrarily charge fees under various pretexts, which will increase the extra burden of enterprises. Those who violate the rules and require construction enterprises to use a certain product or collect fees at random should be corrected immediately; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be submitted to the relevant departments for accountability according to law, and if the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

  Twenty-second levels of housing and urban and rural construction departments, human resources and social security departments should be combined with local conditions, formulate the detailed rules for the implementation of these measures.  

  Article 23 These Measures shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

  Article 24 These Measures shall come into force as of March 1, 2019.