[TechWeb] On April 16th, on the eve of 2023 Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition, Huawei released Huawei ADS 2.0 (Huawei Advanced Driving System) and a series of smart car solutions such as smart cockpit, smart car lighting and smart car digital platform.

Yu Chengdong, Huawei’s managing director, terminal BG CEO and smart car solution BU CEO, announced at the press conference that Huawei’s advanced intelligent driving system HUAWEI ADS 2.0 will be launched in AITO’s M5 Huawei Advanced Intelligent Driving Edition, followed by Aouita 11 and Extreme Fox Alfa S?HI Edition, and more models will be carried in the future. With more models of HUAWEI ADS landing, more and more cars are running on the road, and the mileage is getting longer and longer. This system will become more and more sophisticated.

The advanced intelligent driving system built by Huawei, based on multi-sensor fusion, combined with high-performance intelligent driving platform and anthropomorphic intelligent driving algorithm, takes safety and intelligence as the core, and realizes the ultimate continuous experience for high-speed, urban and parking scenes. At the same time, based on ultra-large-scale cloud simulation and data mining training, data-driven, rapid iteration, traveling thousands of kilometers a day, making vehicles smarter and smarter.

Urban NCA can be opened with or without maps, and more cities are being unlocked.

Due to the complex road conditions, many unexpected situations and the rapid development of urban infrastructure in the city, the landing of NCA (Intelligent Pilot Assistance) in urban areas has become a difficult problem faced by many car companies. Huawei’s advanced intelligent driving system has been implemented in Shenzhen, Shanghai and Guangzhou, playing with the complex urban road conditions with the flexible decision-making and decisive disposal ability of "old drivers". In addition, Chongqing, which is known as the "8D Magic City", will soon unlock the NCA in the urban area, and Hangzhou will also land in Q2.

HUAWEI ADS 1.0 has realized the BEV architecture based on Transformer, while HUAWEI ADS 2.0 has been further upgraded, and the road topology-based reasoning network has been further enhanced. Even without high-precision maps, you can understand various road elements such as roads and traffic lights, making it possible to drive without maps. This year, Q3 will realize the landing of 15 cities without maps, and Q4 will add 30 cities without maps, reaching 45 cities, which will make smart driving more free.

The system can cover 90% of urban scenes, making daily commuting more comfortable. At complex intersections, scenes where people and vehicles are mixed can also pass smoothly, and you can take the initiative to overtake and change lanes, which greatly improves travel efficiency.

High-speed NCA (Intelligent Pilot Assistance) also performed well. The experience of HUAWEI ADS 2.0 was upgraded, and the ability to face up and down ramps, obstacle avoidance, road construction and other scenes was further improved at high speed, which made the average manual takeover mileage increase from 100km to 200km in HUAWEI ADS 1.0, realizing a "more assured" cross-city travel experience. When merging into the expressway, the system monitors and predicts the vehicle behavior of the surrounding target lanes in real time, and executes the best interaction strategy, which is fast and efficient, and the success rate of merging is high. When approaching the high-speed exit, the system changes to the exit lane in advance according to the surrounding comprehensive road conditions to avoid the embarrassment of "missing the exit" in unfamiliar environment.

On the high-speed and expressway, there are labyrinth overpasses and tray bridges. Before entering the curve, the system will slow down in advance. When passing through the curve with large curvature, the vehicle will remain centered and the steering wheel will be slippery, so there will be no frequent back-and-forth corrections, which will bring stable comfort to the drivers and passengers.

APA (Intelligent Parking Assist) has the industry-leading parking space identification ability, including automatic parking space search, 360 parking space discovery and parking space display. At the same time, it supports intelligent parking of up to 160 kinds of parking spaces, such as unconventional parking spaces such as sloping parking spaces and broken parking spaces, and can also be parked, so that it can be parked when it is really visible. After parking is interrupted, it can automatically connect. In case of pedestrians and obstacles, the car will not quit after parking, and the pedestrians will automatically connect after leaving.

RPA (Remote Parking Assist) solves the embarrassing scene of "cars can get in, people can’t get out" in narrow parking spaces, or it is inconvenient to take and put large luggage in the car and trunk, thus realizing worry-free parking.

HUAWEI ADS 2.0 has further improved its ability to handle narrow parking spaces. For narrow parking spaces with a car width margin of only more than 0.4 meters, it can be easily completed through APA intelligent parking. For extremely narrow parking spaces with a car width margin of less than 0.4 meters, RPA can also be used to realize direct entry and direct exit.

AVP (parking service Auxiliary) * will realize the industry’s first cross-floor and underground parking lot, which can be activated on the ground, reach by the optimal route across floors, and roam independently when the parking space is occupied.

*AVP will be realized by the end of 2023.

In terms of price, HUWEI ADS includes basic package, advanced package and high-end package. At present, the commercial models that have been cooperated are standard with the basic package and advanced package, and the high-end package can be purchased. With the continuous enhancement of ADS function, the price will continue to rise, and buying early will benefit early. The price for upgrading ADS from premium package to premium package is as follows:

HUAWEI ADS 1.0 is purchased at a lump sum of 32,000 yuan, with an annual subscription of 6,400 yuan and a monthly subscription in 640 yuan.

HUAWEI ADS 2.0 is purchased at a lump sum of 36,000 yuan, with an annual subscription of 7,200 yuan and a monthly subscription in 720 yuan.

　

　

　

The new generation of HarmonyOS smart cockpit has changed more than HarmonyOS.

The continuous evolution of HarmonyOS car operating system will not only upgrade the system capabilities such as voice and vision, but also bring the leading experience of multi-screen multi-user and independent multi-tone area in the future. Fluency is HarmonyOS’s gene, and it is also the unremitting pursuit of HarmonyOS cockpit. HarmonyOS 3.0 has also been greatly optimized in fluency, and the response speed of voice and application operation has been comprehensively improved compared with the previous generation, no matter in parking scene or heavy-duty scene of driving navigation. A new generation of car machine and the next generation of operating system will bring stronger performance. One car machine can support the smooth concurrency of the front and rear five screens at the same time. In addition, the new generation system will be equipped with Huawei’s breakthrough technology HarmonyOS kernel. As the first domestic in-vehicle OS kernel, it achieved domestic transcendence in ultra-low latency and functional safety, and became the first operating system kernel in the world to obtain double certification.

　

Introduce intelligent vehicle-mounted light solutions to lead cars into the era of light display.

Huawei released a new in-vehicle entertainment screen category HUAWEI xScene light field screen. This product adopts the original optical engine technology, creating the ultimate experience of large format, depth of field, low motion sickness and eye relaxation, greatly improving the visual perception in the car, realizing 3-meter long-distance imaging, 40-inch super-large format and 90PPD super-retina-level definition, and loading the immersive private cinema into the car. According to the clinical test of Zhongshan Eye Center of Sun Yat-sen University, compared with the traditional LCD screen, the adjustment ability of ciliary muscle can be reduced by 96%, which effectively relieves visual fatigue. Verified and tested by SGS and China Institute of Standards, Huawei’s light field screen won the world’s only gold standard for low motion sickness in car display, which is 35% lower than that of LCD screen and 90% lower than that of VR glasses.

Facing the intelligent and digital era of car lights, Huawei innovatively launched HUAWEI xPixel intelligent car light solution. This scheme provides 2.6 million pixel projection with two lamps, which adapts to varied shapes with the advantage of small-size module, and has the unique ability of precise fusion algorithm with two lamps in the industry. Based on the accurate shielding ability of millions of pixels, the high-precision ADB (adaptive high beam) can realize that the high beam is always bright and not dazzling, and the field of vision at night is improved by 185%; Based on the study of human experience, the intelligent light carpet scenes such as car width, blind area interaction and lighting were pioneered; Quick customization online based on 100+ scene component library, such as near-field welcome, light language customization and more applications.

Based on the industry’s first self-developed optical imaging module for 2K vehicles, Huawei continues to promote the commercialization of AR-HUD on an end-to-end basis. As an in-car above the fold, HUAWEI xHUD AR-HUD can not only replace the instrument, but also surpass it. Huawei proposes more innovative applications, such as intelligent driving and visualization, lane-level navigation, reversing images, digital elves, giant screen viewing and so on.

　

HUAWEI iDVP Smart Car Digital Platform, Creating a Black Land of Software-defined Cars

The digital base of HUAWEI iDVP smart car is the foundation of realizing software-defined car, and the core of this architecture is hierarchical decoupling and SOA (service-oriented distributed architecture) service. Relying on high-performance communication and computing hardware platform and basic software platform, it is a "black land" for car companies to realize software-defined automobile strategy construction. HUAWEI iDVP shields the hardware differences through the device abstraction layer and decouples the software and hardware through the atomic service layer. At present, more than 800 standardized API interfaces have been delivered to realize the rapid adaptation of cross-vehicle differences, and the cross-vehicle reuse rate of platform applications can reach over 90%. Not only can car companies improve the efficiency of vehicle development, but also make users’ application experience and usage habits consistent among generations of models, and maintain familiarity and intimacy. HUAWEI iDVP makes full use of atomic service set, simplifies application development mode and improves development efficiency. At the same time, the hardware capability is open to users, and users can customize their applications according to their personal preferences, so as to create personal personalized application services.

As the original application of HUAWEI iDVP, HUAWEI xMotion centrally controls the driving, braking, steering and suspension of the car. Through millisecond perception of the car body state and centimeter-level motion estimation, it adopts dual feedforward and feedback active pre-control technology to realize the longitudinal, lateral and vertical three-axis displacement of the car body and full attitude control with 6 degrees of freedom, making driving safer, driving easier and riding more comfortable. Aiming at the problem that driving on wet roads is easy to slip, RTC (Intelligent Dynamic Torque Control) can distribute more torque to the wheels with strong grip, thus improving driving safety. Aiming at the problem that the car is prone to understeer when crossing a high-speed curve, ICC (Intelligent cornering Control) simulates the driving of an old driver by cooperating with the motor, braking, steering and suspension, which improves the steering sensitivity, reduces the person’s roll caused by centrifugal force and improves the driving comfort. Aiming at the problem of driving fatigue caused by frequent braking when going downhill, RDC (Intelligent Ramp Cruise Energy Recovery) is based on high-precision slope estimation and applies motor energy recovery, which not only realizes steep slope descent, liberates feet, but also improves cruising range.

　

On April 18th, Lei Jun responded to the online time of wireless CarPlay function of Xiaomi SU7 in the live broadcast. He said that this function is expected to be pushed into the car through OTA in early May.

In addition, Lei Jun also requires the team to push OTA upgrade to users at least once a month, and plans to promote NOA to the whole country by the end of May, and NOA to all regions in August.

At present, the iPad car control function has been launched, just download the "Xiaomi Auto Development Screen" APP to use it. After connecting the hot spots of the car, you can enjoy the original car-like experience such as seat air conditioning adjustment, multimedia adjustment and audio-visual entertainment.

Lei Jun previously said that Xiaomi SU7 will be the best choice for Apple to buy smart electric vehicles. He said that the car supports protocols such as wireless CarPlay and AirPlay, which can realize deep driver interconnection.

It was only one day after the news of "Asking the M5 Smart Driving Edition to Ride BYD Dolphin". On November 14th, another video of an accident with the M5 was circulated on the Internet.

According to the image of the vehicle driving recorder circulated on the Internet, at about 9: 29 am on November 14th, an M5 car was driving normally on the two-way four-lane pavement on the left, with a speed of about 60-80 km/h.. A minute later, at 9: 30, a construction vehicle suddenly appeared in front of the road, and a truck suspected of asphalt was towed, but no warning signs were set in front of the construction vehicle.I saw the video car directly hit the trailer.

It can be seen from the live pictures circulated on the Internet that the two airbags in front of the M5 all popped up, and the engine compartment was seriously damaged. However, no obvious deformation was found in the A-pillar. According to the netizen who broke the news, the driver opened "assisted driving" and "Huawei directly towed the car away" after the accident.

Is it the fault of Huawei’s wisdom?

one

Ask M5, intelligent driver or mentally retarded?

As of press time, Weibo, the official of AITO Auto, has not made any response to this matter.

In response to this accident, netizens are also "noisy".

The questioning netizens think:

Why didn’t AEB work at that time?

Didn’t you say you were far ahead?

Didn’t Yu Dazui say that "it’s hard to hit if you want to"?

Q: The M5 driver’s assistance was turned on, but it still failed to recognize the obstacles ahead, and it was badly hit. So do you still believe in the NB boasting of car companies?

On the other side, netizens think:

"Look at the picture and you will know that this is not a smart version, and there is no lidar."

This is the "Bosch", which belongs to the retarded version.

It’s two different things that it’s difficult to crash and it’s impossible to crash, and this is the old M5, which has no intelligent driving ability at all.

However, according to the blogger "New Car Tribe" on the afternoon of 15th, it was revealed that:AITO automobile has paid attention to this matter.The vehicle is 22 models of M5 EV.Before the collision, the vehicle turned on the auxiliary driving, and the early warning and AEB were triggered normally, which minimized the impact caused by the collision and did not cause personal injury.

According to this response, the accident vehicle is a standard version, not equipped with lidar, not a smart driving version.According to netizens, this car may use Bosch’s "ACC adaptive cruise control system".

According to the data, the function of ACC system is developed on the basis of the traditional cruise control device. The difference is that cruise control can only limit the speed, and the steering wheel and brakes need to be controlled by the driver, while ACC can better help the driver coordinate the steering wheel and brakes.Using ACC can free the driver’s feet to a certain extent, but his hands can’t leave the steering wheel.

Judging from the video of this accident, the driver has no obvious "takeover action", and there is no obvious "braking action".

No wonder some netizens questioned that this is "opening the mentally retarded version as a smart driving version"?

Coincidentally, on November 13th, a collision accident involving the M5 version riding on BYD Dolphin caused widespread concern. At the Liaobu User Center in Dongguan, a test drive of Huawei’s M5 Smart Driving Edition suddenly accelerated when reversing, then quickly hit the BYD dolphin in the rear and finally "rode" on the dolphin.

On the evening of November 13th, Yu Chengdong made an emergency response: the customer mistakenly stepped on the accelerator as a brake when reversing, resulting in hitting the rear car. Regarding the non-intervention of AEB function, Yu Chengdong said that after communicating with the ADS team and quality, the vehicle backward emergency braking did not recognize the stationary vehicle, and it was clearly marked in the manual.Therefore, the cause of the accident is that the customer mistakenly stepped on the wrong accelerator pedal.

The accident was also wrongly rated by netizens as a "win-win", BYD has "hard strength against truth" and the world is "all-round crushing".

2

Why are there many questions about "smart driving"?

There have been two accidents in succession. From the comments of netizens, it can be found that some consumers have begun to question "smart driving".

For example, when Dongguan Liaobu reversed its car, many users will immediately think of the sentence that Yu Chengdong once mentioned-"It’s hard to hit it". In fact, this is for the new M7. At that time, Huawei released the "omni-directional anti-collision system", which can identify all obstacles in the rear and take the initiative to stop.At that time, Yu Chengdong even shouted the words "It’s hard to reverse and hit".

However, users only remember that "it’s hard to hit" and don’t deeply understand its limitations.

It is reported that the "omni-directional anti-collision system" supported by Huawei ADS 2.0 is not "omnipotent" and has many limitations. For example, the backward emergency braking of the vehicle does not recognize the stationary vehicle; For example, the driver is stepping on the accelerator pedal, brake pedal or turning the steering wheel sharply; There is a large vehicle behind the vehicle, which blocks the detection area of the radar or camera of the vehicle.

For example, the test drive accident of Dongguan Wenjie M5 Zhijia Edition does not belong to the scene contained in "It is difficult to hit it". In addition, many netizens don’t know that the 22 models of M5EV only have adaptive cruise function.

Huawei’s advanced intelligent assisted driving system "Huawei ADS 2.0" was released on April 16th this year. The first model is AITO Wenjie M5 Smart Driving Edition. After the actual measurement of many media, this system has indeed improved a lot, "comparable to the old driver." Then, on September 12th, M7 was launched, the average price was lowered by 38,000, and there was a smart driving version, which only ignited the enthusiasm of consumers.On October 6th, the circle of friends in Yu Chengdong announced that the number of new M7s would exceed 50,000, and said with emotion, "It’s not easy to come back to life!"

As the manufacturer of M5 and M7, the share price of Cyrus has also achieved a "shocking reversal". Since the bottom in June, the share price has risen as high as 280%. The increase is also "far ahead" among all automakers.

Therefore, at present, some consumers have too high "expectations" for Huawei’s smart driving, and once something goes wrong, they will have doubts. In practice, some drivers rely too much on assisted driving.

three

Intelligent driving is more prone to accidents?

L2+ is more prone to accidents?

A few days ago, at the 2023 China Automobile Software Conference hosted by China Automobile Industry Association, Zhu Xichan, a professor at Tongji University Automobile College, publicly said: What we think of as the ADAS function with low technical level is safe, because no one regards it as autonomous driving.On the contrary, L2+ intelligent driving is easier for consumers to relax their vigilance. They may be distracted, play with their mobile phones or even lie down to sleep. It is this L2+ stage of "one bottle is dissatisfied and half a bottle is swaying" that is more prone to accidents.

Take "Huawei ADS 2.0" as an example. Even though it claims to be infinitely close to L3, its essence is L2. The core feature of L2 is to release hands and feet, but not eyes.

L2 driver assistance represents an advanced driver assistance system, which gives the vehicle the ability to automatically perform acceleration, deceleration and steering operations. howeverCompared with fully automatic driving technology, L2 still needs the real-time driver.Ability to monitor and prepare to take over vehicles.

Take the crash on 14th as an example. According to L2′ s operation specification, the driver should be able to see the engineering work vehicle stopped in front and take over the vehicle in time, such as stepping on the brakes. Of course, it may be illegal for the engineering vehicle in the video not to put warning signs in the coming direction.

Judging from the current law, if an accident is caused by using the driver assistance function, the driver is still the subject to bear the responsibility.

Take the Regulations on the Administration of Intelligent Networked Vehicles in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as an example, which stipulates: "If an intelligent networked vehicle equipped with a driver commits a traffic violation, the traffic management department of the public security organ shall punish the driver according to law; If a traffic accident occurs and one party of the intelligent networked vehicle is responsible, the driver of the vehicle shall bear the corresponding liability for damages; If a traffic accident is caused by the quality defect of the intelligent networked car, the driver can recover from the manufacturer and seller of the intelligent networked car after assuming the liability for damages according to law. "

Zhu Xichan said that L2+ intelligent driving is between L2 and L3, and the boundary is often blurred. Enterprises are only willing to bear the product responsibility of "assisted driving", but radical consumers may regard L2+ intelligent driving as L3.

Therefore, at this stage, all assisted driving and intelligent driving need the driver’s full attention to be ready to take over the car at any time. Excessive reliance on technology, on the one hand, improves the probability of accidents, and on the other hand, bears the main responsibility for accidents.

Finally, Zhu Xichan suggested that the certification of L3 high-grade autopilot needs to be promoted rapidly to solve the safety problem.

　　Last Saturday night,SubordinateThe brand launched a pure electric SUV called "New Lantu FREE". Originally, this was just an ordinary new car replacement, but when the brandAfter the car is released, 25,000 yuan can be added for optional installation.After the news of NOA intelligent driving system, it immediately triggered the industry’s response from L4 level.Attention to the competition of L2+ advanced intelligent driving.

　　2023 is called "the first year of NOA smart driving in cities", and many institutions are optimistic about the outbreak and popularization of high-level smart driving in the second half of the year. For a long time in the past, only a few car companies, such as Tucki, were pushing the NOA market in the city. Nowadays, Huawei, and other powerful Internet giants have sprung up everywhere, quickly staking out the land with the attitude of "suppliers", successfully binding a number of car companies to realize the mass production of NOA, and making the market competition more and more fierce.

　　Entering the "L2+" market, Baidu’s "dimensionality reduction" is against Huawei.

　　The reporter noticed that the "New Lantu FREE", which was launched in mid-August, is the first new car in the mass production of NOA in Baidu City. It is officially called "Baidu Apollo Highway Driving Pro integrated product". Before this, the pace of Huawei’s intelligent driving will be faster. After the release of HUAWEI ADS 2.0 (Huawei’s advanced intelligent driving system), BAIC’s Extreme Fox Alpha S HI version, Changan’s Aouita 11 and Wenjie M5 have landed, and there will be more than ten new cars such as high-end cars cooperating with Chery in the future. According to the information released by Baidu at present, in addition to the blue map of Dongfeng, the planned Jidu car and the extreme cooperation with Geely are still on the road.

　　In the field of intelligent driving with "NOA in the city" as the symbol, Baidu and Huawei finally have a battle, which has been traced before this year’s Shanghai Auto Show. On the same day of April 16th, Baidu and Huawei held their own smart car business conferences, revealing each other’s progress in NOA and other smart driving technologies. Yifu Chen, an expert on smart driving, pointed out that the smart driving car with Huawei technology is like a catfish, which has inspired the changes and progress of other smart driving systems or solution providers. At the same time, many enterprises are accelerating the shift from L4, which is difficult to make profits, to L2+, which is easier to land, and to the mass production of NOA. The reporter noticed that in the past two years, not only Baidu and Huawei, but also technology companies such as Tencent and Xiaoma Zhixing have re-recognized the future commercial profit model of intelligent driving. After Baidu’s smart car business was adjusted from L4 route to L2 this year, the new car was released in August, which means that Baidu officially opened a confrontation with Huawei at L2+ smart car track.

　　The industry believes that behind Baidu’s active "dimensionality reduction" is an important decision to realize the realization of autonomous driving technology. According to CIC’s forecast, the scale of China’s autonomous driving market will increase from 2.3 billion yuan to nearly 400 billion yuan from 2019 to 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 136%. "By 2026, the market penetration rate of L2+ advanced intelligent driving system vehicles equipped with memory parking, high-speed navigation and urban navigation will exceed 15%, and the industry will usher in an intelligent crossing period. By then, the outbreak of the high-end intelligent driving market will trigger a new round of reshuffle in the automobile industry, and the next three years will become a key window period. Whoever can take the lead in providing consumers with a safe and secure intelligent driving experience with a real sense of acquisition may gain the first opportunity in the intelligent competition in the second half. " Chu Ruisong, vice president of Baidu Group and general manager of the smart car business unit, said earlier.

　　Who can grab more "smart driving" cakes?

　　In terms of development mode and technical route, Baidu and Huawei have a lot in common. Who has a better chance to grab more cooperation orders? Song Yachen, a technical engineer who once participated in the research and development of autonomous driving in the new forces and now moved to a joint venture car company, said that the white-hot NOA in the city was forced by the general situation, and it was the right choice for Baidu to weaken L4 R&D and concentrate on L2+. However, he pointed out, "Huawei’s autonomous driving team is reported to have reached the scale of 3,000 to 4,000 people, and the manufacturers that cooperate with it are more obedient, which makes Huawei’s dominance high, and the progress of promoting the profitability of NOA mass production in cities will be faster. Relatively speaking, Baidu’s autonomous driving team started late in L2+, and its expansion is not as strong as Huawei’s, so personally, Baidu will not catch up with Huawei in the short term. "

　　In addition, the big cake of L2+ high-level intelligent driving is welcoming many players, which makes it difficult for Baidu to snatch more car enterprise partners from Huawei. The reporter noticed that in addition to Baidu and Huawei, a number of intelligent driving suppliers have accelerated the implementation of the "parking and parking integration" scheme for NOA functions in cities. This year, Xiaoma Zhixing will mass-produce high-speed and urban parking and parking integrated assisted driving schemes; Youjia Innovation has released a high-level intelligent driving solution supporting high-speed NOA, and will realize NOA function in urban areas through OTA. In terms of mainstream manufacturers, it has also been planned to land NOA functions in related cities this year. For example, Tucki plans to open the city NGP to about 50 cities in the second half of 2023 and land in 200 cities in 2024; Huawei plans to cover the city NCA to 45 cities in the fourth quarter of 2023, ideal andAll push the city NOA internal test. In addition, Internet giants such as Tencent and Ali also have relevant technical reserves, and are involved in the research and development of car companies’ smart driving through different cooperation modes.

　　Yifu Chen pointed out that in the future, whether Huawei and Baidu can compete for market share in smart driving depends on whether they can win a bigger "sinking market". According to the data of the Passenger Car Association, at present, about 100,000-200,000 vehicles account for more than 50% of the passenger car market in China, which is the car purchase price chosen by most consumers. Insiders pointed out that in order to enter the mid-range car market at this price, enterprises need to cross the three mountains of "cost", "mass production" and "full stack self-research". Judging from the current cooperation lineup, both Huawei and Baidu have chosen the "from high-end to mid-range models" style of play. First, the system will be put to the ground through cooperative car companies with large sales volume, and the recognition of consumers and the market will be sought. The next step is to enter the popularization stage of large-scale mid-range models. According to incomplete statistics, there are 26 intelligent driving suppliers in China who have launched the product scheme of "integrated parking and transportation".

　　Institutional prediction: L2+ advanced intelligence drives to accelerate industrial reshuffle

　　Relevant institutions continue to be optimistic about L2+ autopilot landing.issueIt is said that 2023 is the first year of urban NOA, and it is expected that the urban NOA will be released on a large scale in the second half of this year, catalyzing the smart driving market. The analysis also pointed out that the scene of L2+ high-order intelligent driving with "integrated parking and parking" is gradually switching from high speed to cities, and the autonomous driving industry will gradually transition from configuration competition to demand-led. It is reported that NOA, a city that many car companies are striving to build, is known as the last piece of the puzzle of "integrating parking and parking (integrating intelligent auxiliary systems such as memory parking, high-speed navigation and urban navigation)".

　　The report also pointed out that the continuous introduction of industrial support policies and the batch landing of NOA functions in cities will enhance the available range and user experience of intelligent driving functions, promote consumers to choose advanced NOA configurations, and drive high-computing intelligent driving domain controllers supporting NOA functions in cities, andMarket space has improved. It is recommended to pay attention to the core suppliers of the smart driving industry.

　　Policy support, high-level wisdom, landing

　　The reporter noticed that L2+ high-level intelligent assistant system, which has more landing conditions than L4-level automatic driving, is welcoming the policy of landing. Since the beginning of the year, policies related to autonomous driving and consultation documents have been continuously released. On July 26, the countryThe Guide to the Construction of Industry Standard System (Intelligent Networked Vehicle) (2023 Edition) was officially released, which clarified that from the first stage to 2025, the system will form an intelligent networked vehicle standard system that can support the general functions of combined driving assistance and automatic driving. Previously, Xin Guobin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said at the the State Council policy briefing held on June 21 that the pilot of intelligent networked car access and road traffic would be launched, and the demonstration application of "car-Lu Yun integration" at the city level would be organized to support the commercial application of conditional autopilot (L3 level) and higher-level autopilot functions.

　　He also revealed that in 2022, the new car penetration rate of L2-class passenger cars with combined assisted driving function reached 34.5%.

　　Zhang Kai, Chairman of Millimeter Zhixing, judged that from 2023, intelligent driving products will enter a period of rapid growth, and there will be three trends: "First, urban navigation-assisted driving products will focus on mass production and delivery in 2023. Second, the front-loading market with integrated parking and transportation ushered in the peak of mass production. Third, the commercialization of automatic distribution of terminal logistics forms a closed loop. "

1905 movie network news The film directed by, starring, and starring is being shown. Yesterday, the national roadshow "Hot Search" and "Sound All the Way" came to Chengdu. Director Xin Yukun, actors Song Yang and Justin came to the roadshow to communicate with the audience after the show. The audience said that "the film shows the cross-section of the whole fermentation process of the hot search event to everyone", and fans with directors praised that "the director still brought us different shocks after years of violation".

In the film, the reversal of public opinion is closely linked, and the audience said that when watching it, "the heart is ups and downs, and the first half is very painful. Finally, it is very enjoyable to see Chen Miao’s comeback, and it is also a great surprise." There is also an audience who bluntly said that "Peng Yue is so bad that he was so angry that he wanted to rush to hit him". At the roadshow, the audience enthusiastically taught Justin Sichuan dialect "Angry at Peng Yue", and the atmosphere was very happy.

Empathy! The audience praised the social significance of the film.　

News students are deeply touched "will stick to the original heart of news"

High-flow social events, various reversals of public opinion, and the contest between good and evil behind the push … The film moved the hot spots behind the stage, making the audience sigh that "the film touched on social topics such as cyber violence, sexual assault, and public opinion reversal, which is of great social significance and deserves to be seen by more people". The director said that the hot spots in the network change very quickly. "The movie has the opportunity for everyone to sit down and slowly see behind an event." At the scene of the road show, some viewers said that the reality of public opinion presented in the film made them feel the same, and they were threatened by their voices. "So I know more about how much harm a vicious word can do to a person and how much courage it takes to make a small voice."

After watching the movie, a news professional audience said that "the film’s presentation of hot events is very real, and the DNA of learning news has moved." The director said frankly: "The film has the responsibility of recording the times. In the period when the media is very prosperous, the complexity of online public opinion and the power of different classes under the background of the times are necessary to be recorded by the film." The audience also mentioned that Chen Miao’s adherence to the ideal of news in the process of speaking for the weak made him very touched, saying that "I will also adhere to the original heart of news." Song Yang said: "Everyone has a wonderful Chen in his heart, which leads us to speak out bravely at an appropriate time."

Female mutual help is figurative, presenting girlfriends, and the audience is moved to tears.

Lawyers, audience, two movies, calling on everyone to speak bravely.

At the roadshow, girlfriends watched the movie together, indicating that they were moved by the power of women’s mutual help in the movie. When they saw that justice was done, they "shed tears with excitement" and lamented that "the power of girls help girls is really concrete. It is a matter of special courage to stand up and help people who are being hurt". Some viewers said that they were deeply impressed by the lyrics of the ending song Byakki Smoker, which reflected the difficulties faced by many women. The director said frankly that he hoped to "record the distinctive power of women’s mutual assistance in this era and the plight of different classes in their depths" through the film.

There is also a lawyer audience at the scene who said that he has already brushed the film twice, and he was deeply touched. "The current network environment is very complicated, and public opinion supervision is very important, but there must be no public opinion trial, which may make the parties face social death on the Internet first." As a legal practitioner, I will try my best to ensure that every case is echoed in fairness and justice. Song Yang said: "The network can make a sound. I hope that everyone can make a sound when they are hurt, and gather into a fire to overthrow all evil forces."

The film "Hot Search" is showing.

Wen/Muyu

Xiaohongshu wants to build an online city-state.

　

The reason why we say "polis" instead of "city" is because the word sounds more humanistic and ideal. Recently, Xiaohongshu officially launched the Community Business Convention. On the basis of the community values of "sincere sharing and friendly interaction" in the Community Convention last year, it added the business values of "sincere management and intentional creation", which set the tone for the direction of community operation.

　

Little Red Book officials are trying to convey an idea that they are creating an online city-state, and the users are all residents. They are sharing their real life online.

　

When anything develops to a certain scale, it will inevitably form some kind of public cognition, and Little Red Book, as the source of new consumption and online celebrity brand,Its "planting grass" attribute is deeply rooted in people’s hearts, which naturally makes people think of the scourge of "consumerism".

　

In Xiaohongshu COO Conan’s view, the public has a "cognitive angle" to Xiaohongshu.

　

Xiaohongshu COO Conan

The question that Little Red Book needs to answer is: Does it convey a "better life" or promote a "beautified life"? But this is not how the management expresses it, but will eventually land in the governance of the community.

　

From the official attitude, we attach great importance to this "convention".

　

As early as when the Community Convention was just launched, COO Conan of Xiaohongshu explained that it was called the Convention instead of the value norm because the value norm was more like a one-way request from the top down to the community residents from the perspective of community operators, while the Convention was a contract that Xiaohongshu repeatedly discussed and revised with different types of residents and finally formed.

　

When the content community is generally attacked by the community atmosphere and commercial realization, Xiaohongshu’s move is to return the focus to community governance.Is this "duty-keeping" a way to avoid conservatism or stick to one’s original heart? What impact will it have on its business fundamentals?

Left or right

　

Xiaohongshu chose to reinforce the city wall to counter the panic of commercial realization.

　

It seems that people in the content community are generally not good at making money. From Kelly Y Zhou in Zhihu, Rui Chen in bilibili, and Qu Fang in Xiaohongshu, they all talk about content operation, but they are all difficult in realizing business.In them, what you see is more the extension of some idealism, but less the decisive ferocity of some wars.

　

"In the early days of our business, we focused on content, never thought about the development path, and we were even more confused about how to realize it." Qu Fang’s words may represent the plight of all content communities.

　

The birth of these major content communities seems to have a sense of mission, but under the cruel survival test of business, these sense of mission now seems to be at a loss.

　

Data source: burning knowledge consulting, finishing by China Commercial Industry Research Institute.

Zhihu and bilibili, which have been listed, are under greater financial pressure. Take Zhihu as an example. In addition to the most traditional advertisements, members are sold, e-commerce, live broadcast and knowledge promotion are paid, but they are still struggling.

　

Compared with the first two,Xiaohongshu seems to be more "Buddhist" and "flat". He also does e-commerce and videos, but he feels that he has not exhausted his efforts. His local life is also in a state of "stocking" and he still earns money from advertising honestly.

　

However, it is obviously more and more difficult to earn money from advertising, and the traffic peaks, and the tigers are waiting around.

　

QuestMobile predicts that the growth rate of Internet advertising market in China will continue to decline in the next two years, and the content community platform is no exception. According to the report, the growth rate of social advertising market in 2022 and 2023 is expected to be 16.4% and 12.1%, which is significantly lower than the peak of 28.3% in 2020.

　

What is even more troublesome is that the business of "planting grass" itself has also been targeted by more and more people.

　

After Sina failed to push the oasis to stop Xiaohongshu in 2019, it quietly launched Hobby in March this year, positioning itself as a trend party for young people to create a community; Netease recently launched "Bi Ying", which is positioned as an emotional video interactive community for young people. In terms of product form and operation mode, both of them pay attention to and encourage life sharing, which is more like the video version of "Little Red Book" for the Z era.

　

Weibo screenshot

Not to mention Taobao and Tik Tok.

　

At the end of 2020, Taobao went online and became the first-level entrance of the homepage. It belongs to the grass content aggregation platform that positively marked Xiaohongshu. In less than one year, it achieved over 250 million monthly activities and over 50 million daily activities, contributing one-third of Taobao’s orders. Last year’s Double Eleven, Taobao visited more than 250 million users browsing grass content.

　

In Tik Tok, a team codenamed "L" was set up in the middle of last year to study Little Red Books, and the graphic function was launched in the App. There are rumors that a life-like community product is planned.

　

For Xiaohongshu, the diversified realization of uniform structure is still far away, advertising still supports the main revenue, and the businesses of the giants are crossing each other without borders. At this juncture, it is obviously more important to hold the basic disk of the community than commercial expansion.

What is "copy not to go"?

Little Red Book is an encyclopedia of life in the cloak of community.

　

In the Internet field, products are easy to copy, even at the pixel level, but at the same time, products are difficult to copy, and even the founding team can’t make a new one.

　

The moat of Little Red Book is actually higher than many people think, which is also its core value.

　

Peeling off the seemingly exquisite consumerism coat of Little Red Book, its skeleton is actually very pragmatic.

　

This pragmatism is not the efficiency orientation of the business model. In fact, Xiaohongshu’s start-up team has no entrepreneurial experience or Internet experience. The earliest product of Little Red Book is a PDF of Hong Kong shopping guide, which was made by Conan. In fact, it is a very simple strategy sharing, and strategy is a collection of methodology. Later, less than a month after the PDF document was launched, it was downloaded 500,000 times.

　

Source: Network

The later content trend of Little Red Book also continued this route, that is, sharing practical life notes.

　

Before 2016, Xiaohongshu’s recommendation mode was featured by editing and centralized operation, which would affect the product efficiency, but it formed an overflow of social and cultural content value, which is actually the function of the media, with the content surplus of local culture to popular culture, realizing the spread of influence and the growth of users.

　

Under the greatest common denominator of "life", the content boundary of Xiaohongshu has been continuously broadened, from beauty and clothing to home improvement, emotion, workplace and self-growth, but it is always inseparable from the word "useful".

　

This is the root of the strong search attribute of Little Red Book as a content community.

　

It has precipitated a lot of practical life experiences, and the long tail effect of the content is obvious, and many notes are constantly being dug by latecomers. A strange phenomenon is that the notes of Xiaohongshu are often collected more than praised.

　

The strong functionality of the little red book actually makes it play the role of an online dictionary of life experience in a sense, which means that the longer the little red book is operated, the higher the value of the precipitated content and the higher the moat.

　

The maximization of this "usefulness" lies in encouraging users to produce UGC content.In turn, it promoted Xiaohongshu to build a set of traffic "equal rights" mechanism.

This is actually closely related to the attributes of the content.

　

Life experience is universal rather than authoritative, and it doesn’t need any vertical professional endorsement. For example, Weibo and Zhihu started their business by introducing public knowledge, while the latter invited Internet tycoons and elites to endorse the platform through social status and identity authority, and output high-value content to achieve the diffusion effect from the center to the periphery, attracting more users with an attitude of onlookers and learning.

Screenshot of Xiaohongshu

These big V’s are performers in the center of the stage, and users are fans who applaud, which constitutes the power structure of the platform. Once this power structure is broken, for example, Weibo is publicly criticized and Zhihu V is skinned, the authority of community content will be completely deconstructed and become a noisy and disorderly public opinion field.

　

The content, form and operation mechanism of Little Red Book avoid this kind of conflict, and the subjectivity of life experience makes it not have top-down power and class overlooking color.

　

Unless "showing off wealth", this is also the main source of the public relations crisis and negative public opinion of Xiaohongshu. Therefore, in the Community Convention, Xiaohongshu explicitly opposes showing off wealth. In the conversation between Conan and Liu Qing, she also mentioned that Xiaohongshu will blur this class and sense of gap through operation.

Life experience can be contributed by everyone, so in order to let users contribute more UGC, Xiaohongshu did not intend to guide KOL, which also formed a situation that Xiaohongshu was all over the small KOC and lacked the top KOL. Here, the content distribution of "Little Transparency" and "Big Brother" is equal in traffic, and ordinary users without fans may also produce an "explosive article".

This is also related to the content form of pictures and texts. For example, in bilibili, the aesthetic threshold of video content produced by amateurs will be very low, which will affect the content presentation quality of the whole community. Therefore, bilibili will intentionally guide the professional UP, while the production threshold of pictures and texts with little red books less than 1,000 words is much lower for ordinary people.

　

Bilibili and Xiaohongshu, as the two most sticky communities in the content community, are inseparable from their respect for users themselves, rather than just treating them as digital traffic.

　

In an exclusive interview with LatePost, Rui Chen bluntly said: "Users in China are the cutest, because too few enterprises in China regard users as equal people. As long as you treat him as an equal, he is very protective of you. "

　

The complexity of the multilateral relationship in the content community naturally makes it difficult to operate, which is different from the clear bilateral relationship of buying and selling in the e-commerce platform, and the nodes with balanced interests are easier to control.

　

Therefore, the content community will inevitably go into strong operation and realize intervention through value orientation.With the growth of users, how to find a clear and definite value of the greatest common denominator is also a challenge for every content community.Bilibili broke the circle from the secondary group and Zhihu sank from the Internet elite, both of which were and are still facing the situation of split community atmosphere.

　

Data source: burning knowledge consulting, finishing by China Commercial Industry Research Institute.

It was not until 2021 that Xiaohongshu explored the Community Convention, condensed the community values of "sincere sharing and friendly interaction", and extended it to the business values of "sincere management and intentional creation" in the recent Community Business Convention, and guided it through detailed provisions.

　

Zhang Xiaolong mentioned in the product view behind WeChat that people are the reactor of the environment, so it is necessary to create an "environment", and then this "environment" will determine what kind of reaction users will make, and users will be drawn by the "environment" you create.

　

This actually means that the content community can’t really be "decentralized". Conan also said when talking with Liu Qing that Xiaohongshu can’t accept all phenomena just because it is a platform. After 2016, Xiaohongshu introduced algorithm recommendation and implemented "decentralization" in traffic distribution. However, it is still exploring "central idea" in operation and value guidance, which is the hidden line of Xiaohongshu and intentionally shapes the community atmosphere through traffic mechanism.

　

The biggest moat of Xiaohongshu lies in the "organic environment" that it combines systematic evolution with its own value orientation.

How does the "polis" do business?

　

Not making money is immoral in business.

　

Xiaohongshu proposed to build an online city, of course, not only based on a community experiment, although the community does have a lot of room for exploration in China. The earliest pioneer of content community in this respect is Douban. As early as ten years ago, Douban built an online Alpha City, and the street names were completely decided by residents’ voting. It also built its own economic system, using virtual currency "adzuki bean" to trade, and residents can open small shops themselves. Here you can see a variety of services, even "casinos" and "cemeteries".

　

Alpha City is more purely experimental, and in today’s popular words, it is the earliest community meta-universe in China.

　

Compared with Douban’s willful "lying flat", it is not qualified not to make money because it has raised a large amount of money all the way to today, and its valuation is equivalent to 3 bilibili, 4 Weibo and 20 Zhihu.

　

Source: Network

When the Community Convention was launched a year ago, many business brands questioned whether Little Red Book was against business. For example, various restrictions on "planting grass". Since Xiaohongshu launched the special treatment of illegal marketing in December 2021, 81 brands with illegal marketing behaviors have been banned, and 172,600 related notes and 53,600 illegal accounts have been handled, including some well-known brands. The reasons for the attack are mainly concentrated in non-compliant marketing behaviors such as false grass planting, amateur spreading, and writing on behalf of others.

　

Subsequently, the brand violation sub-system was launched to further standardize and improve business rules by gradient governance.

　

This series of measures, from the perspective of community atmosphere governance, are radical, but from the perspective of business, they are actually pre-rules, and community atmosphere and commercial realization are not irreconcilable.

　

In the recent Community Business Convention, Yin Shi, the head of community ecology in Xiaohongshu, further explained, "We hope to fully express our attitude through the publication of the Convention, and we welcome business very much. Business itself is to create value, which is completely consistent with the core of Little Red Book. Business prosperity is also a particularly important part of the community. "

　

In the face of Liu Qing’s doubts about consumerism, Conan explained that consumption is an objective behavior, unless the content about consumption appears in a small red book with high density, it can only rise to individualism when it reaches a certain extreme, and the anti-consumerism appearing in a small red book is used to present the diversity and inclusiveness of the community.

　

Dialogue between Liu Qing and Conan

In the final analysis, Xiaohongshu wants to establish a sustainable development cycle system and improve the efficiency of business with systematic ecology. Xiaohongshu chose the concept of "city" because for a city, commerce is actually an indispensable role for residents to live and work in peace and contentment, and even the prosperity of the city depends on the development of commerce.

　

From the perspective of community governance, from "city" to "convention", a set of self-consistency in operation logic is constructed to resolve the tense relationship between life sharing and commercial realization.

　

In the Convention on Community Commerce, the perfection of the two rules of "transaction" and "marketing" is also forcing the brand and KOC to standardize their business operations, and further gathering them into Xiaohongshu’s own dandelion platform for trading. However, the problem is that in the past, commercial and KOC bypassed the official transactions, in addition to maximizing the benefits, it was also because Xiaohongshu’s 10% two-way commission was much higher than the general 5% industry proportion of platforms such as Tik Tok.

　

After the supervision of Xiaohongshu has become stricter, it is even more necessary to answer a question. How to prove that it has higher conversion efficiency than other platforms? Especially today, when the new consumption trend is slowing down and the brand of online celebrity continues to charm.

　

In the "Convention" and the official public speech, Xiaohongshu particularly emphasized "truthfulness" and "sincerity", which means letting KOC recommend only the products it recognizes from the heart and letting the brand introduce its services objectively and simply. This sounds very good and has a long-term color, but it still faces many challenges in the actual landing process.

　

Source: rocket data

A number of insiders close to Xiaohongshu have said that Xiaohongshu’s revenue data in 2022 will triple that in 2021. In the face of this pressure,Can the action be kept unchanged during the implementation of the Convention? Moreover, if the path of advertising dependence remains unchanged, revenue growth cannot avoid the increase in the density of commercial content. How can this be balanced?

　

A city without business can’t work, but a city full of advertisements will make people want to escape.

　

Xiaohongshu has planned a utopian online city picture, but there will also be a false prosperity in the city. For example, the stalls are big and look glamorous, but the fiscal revenue is far from enough to cover the cost of public construction, the deficit is too large, and the balance is far away.

　

Before the massive investment and sky-high valuation, can the account of Xiaohongshu be counted?

　　Handling a mobile phone number can not only make phone calls and send text messages, but also bind broadband accounts and get free broadband — — This "mobile phone package+free broadband" model sounds practical and cost-effective, and is favored by many consumers. Mr. Liu, a Shanghai citizen, chose a similar communication package. He told the author that the primary reason for his choice was "feeling very cost-effective".

　　However, some users said that without their knowledge, the free broadband that was handled a year ago began to be charged quietly, but it was difficult to cancel it. Is the "free broadband" package really affordable or is there a "trap"? What problems should consumers pay attention to when choosing this kind of business?

　　"Package" is not for everyone.

　　Data show that at the end of 2018, the number of fixed Internet broadband access users in China reached 407.38 million, an increase of 58.84 million over the end of last year. Free broadband and preferential packages vigorously promoted by major operators are indispensable. Operators seize market share through free broadband, which makes giving free broadband to mobile phone packages increasingly become a mainstream communication package type. However, when different consumers choose this kind of package, the experience is very different.

　　Yan wang, who lives in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, has been using a mobile phone to bind broadband services for three years. "The free broadband given in the mobile phone package is no problem to use, and the mode of automatic monthly payment also provides convenience for users." Yan wang said that when he first moved into his new home, he packed a set meal with the recommendation of the salesman. "Do broadband alone for a month to 40 yuan; Tied together, the telephone bill and broadband add up to 68 yuan every month, and I feel that the price is still very affordable. "

　　However, Cui Le, a junior at Wuhan University, is not satisfied with the same "free broadband" business. Under the propaganda of the communication company, Cui Le and several roommates handled a set meal together. However, after a period of use, Cui Le found that the given broadband service was not suitable for campus use: the database purchased by the school could not be used, and the teaching platform could not be logged in. But at the beginning of the business, no one told them that such problems might occur. After several months of continuous deduction, Cui Le and several roommates felt "lost" and had to go to the business hall at the same time to unsubscribe from the business and cancel their mobile phone numbers.

　　Be careful of "default automatic renewal"

　　The author’s investigation found that consumers’ dissatisfaction with the "mobile phone package+free broadband" model is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

　　Free broadband is difficult to meet the needs of specific groups. Like Cui Le, many students in school have been troubled by the incompatibility between free broadband and campus network, which leads to the helplessness of going to the library to "surf the internet" when there is broadband in the dormitory.

　　Most free broadband packages are automatically renewed by default, which is unreasonable for users who don’t want to use broadband continuously. Netizen "john young" vomited on the social network that his phone bill somehow rose to the monthly 300 yuan. Only after inquiring did he know that the free broadband he had received had expired, but the service did not terminate, but he continued to deduct money.

　　For users who want to unsubscribe, change packages or "port number transfer", the process is relatively troublesome. Xiao Zhang, who studied at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, applied to the operator for changing the lower tariff package in early 2018, but it has not been changed successfully so far. "The salesman first said on the phone that he would help me change it and take effect the next month, but then I found that the previous package had been automatically renewed for one year. To cancel the contract, I can only go to the business hall where the number belongs. My mobile phone number is from my hometown in Henan. It is impossible to go back from Beijing just to change the package. "

　　"port number transfer" forced operators

　　Can consumers avoid the above troubles while enjoying the preferential treatment? During the interview, Xu Li, a staff member of China Unicom, suggested that consumers should fully understand the package and contract before buying. "In order to avoid unnecessary troubles, users must carefully read the terms of the package contract before or during the handling of such bundled packages, and ask for early termination, ‘ Port number transfer ’ , due fees, etc., and then make a choice based on your own situation. " Xu Li said.

　　In response to the problem of automatic fee deduction, Liu Chunyan, an associate professor at Tongji University Law School, pointed out that mobile phone operators and users signed service contracts. If the operator does not inform the user and changes from free to charge, it is a unilateral change of the contract, which is a violation of the contract and constitutes a breach of contract. Furthermore, taking the form of automatic deduction unilaterally also infringes on the property rights of users, which constitutes infringement.

　　The promotion of "port number transfer" is also forcing major operators to improve network quality and service level as soon as possible. On May 21st, at the policy briefing in the State Council, Chen Zhaoxiong, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out that users should be guaranteed to fully enjoy the rights and interests of "port number transfer" and ensure that "port number transfer" will be realized nationwide before November 30th this year, so as to truly "take the number in hand and leave when you say it".

　　Xu Li believes that "port number transfer" has brought great challenges to operators. "In the future, we will optimize the package and simplify the products from the user’s point of view." Yan wang said with emotion: "‘ Port number transfer ’ The times are coming, and operators should think more about how to make good products. Users should be informed of the package terms more transparently, instead of using ‘ Free broadband ’ Wait for the gimmick to tie the user. "

　　I. Brief introduction of China-Arab relations

　　(1) Brief introduction of Azerbaijan

　　The Republic of Azerbaijan, the capital of Baku (population 2.54 million), is located in the southeast of Transcaucasia, bordering Russia in the north, Armenia and Georgia in the west and northwest, Iran in the south and the Caspian Sea in the east. Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is an enclave of Albania, surrounded by Armenia, Iran and Turkey. It covers an area of 86,600 square kilometers and has a population of 9.48 million. The ethnic groups are mainly Azerbaijanis (90.6%), Russians, Armenians, etc., and they mainly believe in Islam. The official language is Azerbaijani, and most residents are familiar with Russian.

　　The political situation in Afghanistan is generally stable. At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Afghanistan formulated the development strategy of "rejuvenating the country through oil". At present, the annual output of oil is about 50 million tons, and the annual output of natural gas is about 30 billion cubic meters. The economy has maintained rapid development with the help of petrodollars. In 2015, the GDP reached 54.35 billion manat, up by 1.1% year-on-year, the foreign trade volume was 20.65 billion US dollars, down by 33.4% year-on-year, the per capita GDP was 5,600 US dollars, and the per capita monthly salary was 322 US dollars. Affected by the long-term low international oil price and other factors, in February and December of 2015, the local currency Manat depreciated sharply twice, reaching 33.5% and 47.6% respectively, with a cumulative depreciation of 97% for the whole year. In order to cope with the adverse effects caused by the drop in international oil prices, the Afghan government has actively deepened economic reforms, ensured the stability of the national financial system, further promoted the strategy of economic diversification, vigorously developed non-oil economies such as agriculture and tourism, and strived to change the economic structure that relies too much on energy exports and promote balanced development in all areas of the economy.

　　阿坚持独立自主、多元平衡的外交基本原则。注重发展同俄罗斯的战略合作伙伴关系，积极发展同美国和欧盟合作，将融入欧洲作为对外战略目标。努力发展与土耳其、伊朗、格鲁吉亚等周边邻国的双边关系。积极参与独联体事务。因“纳卡”领土争端与邻国亚美尼亚长期敌对。2016年4月，阿、亚两国在“纳卡”地区爆发大规模武装冲突，造成大量人员伤亡。

　　（二）双边关系简况

　　1992年4月2日建交。两国关系发展顺利，高层交往密切。2014年5月，阿总统阿利耶夫来华出席亚信上海峰会，习近平主席与其举行会见。两国各领域友好合作发展迅速，两国人民传统友谊不断加深。阿重视对华关系，支持中国在台湾、涉藏、涉疆、“法轮功”等问题上的原则立场，各派政治力量均积极主张加强同中国的友好合作。中国是最早承认阿独立的国家之一。2015年12月，阿总统阿利耶夫对华进行国事访问，2016年5月，习近平主席特使、中共中央政治局委员、中央政法委书记孟建柱访阿。6月，中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理张高丽访阿。

　　中阿经贸关系发展顺利。2015年，中阿贸易额6.62亿美元，下降29.7%。其中，中方出口4.39亿美元，下降31.9%，中方进口2.23亿美元，同比增长25%。双方在科技、教育、文化等领域合作顺利，成果丰硕。

　　1999年，双方举行中阿经贸合作委员会第一次会议，2015年11月举行第5次会议。

　　二、中阿民航关系简况

　　中阿两国政府于1994年3月7日签订了关于建立航空运输的纪要，并于1999年、2006年、2010年、2013年、2015年举行会谈，扩大了航权安排。

　　2015年12月10日，在国家主席习近平和阿塞拜疆总统阿利耶夫的共同见证下，时任中国民用航空局局长李家祥与阿塞拜疆航空公司总裁阿斯克罗夫阿塞拜疆政府代表共同签署了《中华人民共和国政府和阿塞拜疆共和国政府民用航空运输协定》。

　　三、阿塞拜疆主要机场和空运企业

　　（一）主要机场

　　1、巴库盖达尔·阿利耶夫国际机场（Baku Heydar Aliyev International Airport）

　　IATA code: BAK, ICAO code: UBBB.

　　http://www.airportbaku.com/

　　Baku Heydar Aliyev International Airport is the hub base of Azerbaijan Airlines, the national airline of Azerbaijan, and the busiest airport in Azerbaijan and the Caucasus. The airport, formerly known as Bina International Airport, is owned and operated by the Azerbaijani government. On March 10th, 2004, the airport was renamed geidar aliyev Airport, named after former Azerbaijani President geidar aliyev.

　　2. Lankaran International Airport.

　　IATA code: LLK, ICAO code: UBBL.

　　Located in Liankelan, a city in the southeast of Azerbaijan, its main routes are the international routes between the local and CIS member countries and the domestic routes of the country. The airport is mainly engaged in regular passenger and cargo routes at home and abroad. The air transport companies it serves include Azerbaijan Airlines and UTair, and it is open to Baku, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Surgut, Domodedovo, Vnukovo and other places.

　　3. Ganja International Airport

　　IATA code: KVD, ICAO code: UBBG.

　　Zhanjia International Airport is located 5 kilometers northwest of Zhanjia City. It is mainly operated by airlines such as Azerbaijan Airlines and Turkish Airlines, and travels between Zhanjia and Baku, St. Petersburg, Moscow and Istanbul.

　　4. Gabala International Airport.

　　Gabarra International Airport, located in Gabarra Town, northwest Azerbaijan, was founded in January 2011. On November 17th, 2011, President Aliyev attended the groundbreaking ceremony of the airport. In the same year, Gabarra Airport became an international airport.

　　5. Nakhichevan Airport

　　IATA code: NAJ, ICAO code: UBBN.

　　Nakhichevan Airport is located in Nakhichevan, the capital of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, 4 kilometers away from the city center, and is the only airport in this closed area.

　　6. Zaqatala International Airport

　　IATA code: ZTU, ICAO code: UBBY.

　　Za Catarre Airport is located at the foot of Nanshan Mountain in Caucasus. The airport terminal and runway were rebuilt in 2008, and then it became an international airport.

　　(2) Major air transport enterprises

　　1. Azerbaijan Airlines.

　　IATA code: J2, ICAO code: AHY

　　https://www.azal.az/

　　Azerbaijan Airlines, the flag carrier of Azerbaijan, was established on April 7, 1992 and headquartered in Baku. It mainly operates scheduled passenger and cargo flights from Baku to CIS countries, Europe, China and the Middle East, as well as domestic flights, with about 33 navigation cities.

　　Address of Azerbaijan Airlines Beijing Representative Office: Room 4-05026, No.6 Chaowai Street B, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with ASADOV ILHAM as the chief representative, and the resident period is April 30, 2016.

　　2. Silk Road Airlines of Azerbaijan.

　　IATA code: ZP, ICAO code: AZQ.

　　http://www.silkwayairlines.com/

　　Azerbaijan Silk Road Airlines, established in 2001, is a cargo airline headquartered in Baku, Azerbaijan, based at Aliyev International Airport, operating routes covering 50 destinations in Asia, the Middle East and Europe.

　　The address of the representative office of Azerbaijan Silk Road Airlines in Urumqi is Room 522, Xiyu International Hotel, Building 2, No.876 Dawan North Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi. The chief representative is SAFAROV ISMAYIL, and the residence period is until December 31, 2018.

　　On September 11th, 2015, Zhao Jiancai, Vice Governor of Henan Province, met with Akhundov Zaur, Chairman of Azerbaijan Silk Road Airlines, and his party in Zhengzhou. The two sides had a talk on strengthening air navigation. On the same day, Henan Airport Group signed a cooperation agreement with Azerbaijan Silk Road Airlines, and the Zhengzhou-Baku-Hahn international freight route opened by Silk Road Airlines in Zhengzhou in 2013 will be increased from the current weekly flight to more than 6 flights per week.

　　3. Silk Road West Airlines of Azerbaijan.

　　IATA code: 7L, ICAO code: AZG.

　　http://www.silkwaywest.com/

　　Based at Aliyev International Airport, Azerbaijan Silk Road Western Airlines cooperates closely with Azerbaijan Silk Road Airlines and Azerbaijan Airlines, using Silk Road to fly cargo holds of Il -76 and An -12 models and belly cabins of Azerbaijan.

　　The address of Azerbaijan Silk Road West Airlines Shanghai Representative Office is Room 905, Building A, No.18 Taolin Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai. The chief representative is BAKHTIYAROV ZAUR FAXRADDIN, and the residency period is until July 31, 2018.

　　This is a different student: no sweat glands, no sweat, and his legs can’t stand because of illness. Facing the child’s eager eyes, the people in Jiulongpo District and the teachers in the primary school relayed their education and gave him special love … …

　　"See which edges are equal in length?" Yu Bangying held a cuboid teaching aid in his left hand and gestured with the numbers read out by Li Jiajun in his right hand.

　　Yu Bangying is a math teacher at Renhe Primary School in Zhongliangshan Street, Jiulongpo District, and 14-year-old Li Jiajun is a student of this school. But the place where they attend classes is not the school, but the home of Li Jiajun in Chaoyang Community, Hualong Jiayuan Community.

　　On March 27th, He Zhongyong, deputy secretary of the Party branch of Renhe Primary School, told Chongqing Daily that because Li Jiajun couldn’t stand on his legs, 24 teachers from the school, including Yu Bangying, were sent home every week to help Li Jiajun with his homework. So far, they have persisted for seven months.

　　Special students

　　You can’t walk without sweat glands and legs.

　　"Can you do something to keep the doll studying?" Last September, on the day of school, my father Li Zhonggang went to school with Li Jiajun weighing 120 pounds on his back. His eyes were full of prayers. "The doll especially wants to study!"

　　Li Jiajun in front of him has fair skin, bright eyes and a bright smile. Li Jiajun has no sweat glands and no sweat since he was a child. When the temperature exceeds 25 degrees Celsius, he will have a fever all over his body. After school, every June and September, he had to attend classes in the morning and go home in the afternoon to "avoid the heat". Fang Tao, principal of Renhe Primary School, said, "The school has also prepared an air-conditioned study room for him."

　　In 2014, Li Jiajun’s left leg was inexplicably swollen, and the valgus of the knee joint was not straight. Then he dropped out of school for a year, and after surgery, he still limped. Although it was difficult to walk, he kept going to school with the help of his classmates to help him go to the toilet and go upstairs and downstairs. In 2017, Li Jiajun also had swelling in his right knee. He dropped out of school for a year and sought medical treatment, but he still couldn’t stand. From then on, he could only sit in a wheelchair.

　　Li Jiajun is a strong child.

　　"I can’t always stay at home and watch TV and play with my mobile phone." He missed the teachers and classmates at school and asked his parents to send him to school. "I want to study."

　　Li Jiajun’s physical condition is no longer suitable for studying at school. Fang Tao and He Zhongyong suggested that parents accompany him. But in recent years, Li Zhonggang and his wife spent 200,000 yuan to treat Li Jiajun, sold their house and closed the small restaurant that had a good business. They have to work to earn money to support their families and seek medical treatment for their sons, so it is difficult to accompany them. Looking at Li Jiajun’s eager eyes and his parents’ anxious expression, Fang Tao and He Zhongyong fell into deep thinking.

　　Special action

　　Twenty-four teachers sent their teachers home by relay.

　　After repeated discussions, the school leadership decided to send a proposal to the teachers while retaining Li Jiajun’s student status, recruiting and forming a "love sending group" to send teachers home by relay.

　　"I didn’t expect as many as 24 teachers to sign up." He Zhongyong said that Li Jiajun’s grades were not very good because he delayed too many classes. But teachers believe that it is precisely because of this that it is more necessary to send teachers.

　　So everyone started the special action of relay teaching.

　　On September 18th, last year, He Zhongyong led 24 teachers of "Love Sending Mission" to Li Jiajun’s home to pick up and drop off teachers, and sent desks, chairs and school supplies. It is agreed that two teachers will be sent to the school twice a week, and each time two teachers will come to the door to complete the two-hour work together.

　　At 10: 00 am on March 27th this year, Yu Bangying took math first, and then teacher Li Xiaojiao spoke Chinese.

　　Yu Bangying finished the cuboid section and left a message on page 17 of the textbook: "Next time the teacher comes, check and help with the homework on this page, and then talk about the cube part." She told reporters that the sending teachers have set up a WeChat group, and everyone sends their class progress and assigned homework to the group, and then the next teacher will relay the class and tutor the homework.

　　"He loves learning very much! And very optimistic, always with a smile on his face. " Feng Danlei, another Chinese teacher, said that Li Jiajun writes beautifully. Although his foundation is not very good, he loves learning. Every time the teacher assigns homework, he always asks for "more points".

　　Li Jiajun told reporters that I thought I was just studying Chinese, math and English, but I didn’t expect to be able to attend all courses at home, such as sports, art and music, which is almost the same as the school curriculum.

　　"physical education class is a massage class and the massage effect is very good." Li Jiajun said that PE teacher Yang Yiming should pinch his shoulders and massage his hands and feet every time to help him exercise his muscles and dredge his blood vessels.

　　Special arrangement

　　Children’s graduation is suspended, and the school continues to teach.

　　At 12 noon on March 27th, Li Xiaojiao finished Chinese class and took out an Alumni File for Li Jiajun to fill out. Li Jiajun’s sixth grade (3) class will graduate in two months, and the students hope that he will write a farewell message to everyone.

　　"But he can’t graduate for the time being." He Zhongyong introduced that Li Jiajun failed to master many knowledge points because he missed too many courses. The school plans to continue to teach for one year. "The next focus is to cultivate his self-learning ability and self-reliance and self-reliance."

　　In the afternoon, Xia Yu, an art teacher, took Li Jiajun downstairs in a wheelchair and started a sketch class at the edge of the green land in the community. Green trees and red flowers, Li Jiajun bathed in warm sunshine and completed a painting called "Looking for Spring".

　　"He especially likes painting." Mother Fan Kaiju took out a roll of drawing paper, which was 50 meters long. Li Jiajun drew more than 10 meters long pictures on it, including tall buildings, squares, roads, shops, ships, trains, planes, and ongoing sports competitions in the playground. "I have been painting for a year, and he said that he would finish painting this roll of paper."

　　Xia Yu said that Li Jiajun is very yearning for the outside world. Next, he should try his best to help him get out of the room and walk more in the community.

　　The action of sending teachers to Renhe Primary School has attracted the attention of Zhongliangshan Sub-district Office and Hualong Jiayuan Community Neighborhood Committee. Now, the streets and communities have listed him as a key concern, helping to apply for the implementation of temporary relief funds and disabled relief funds. The social work organization also invited Li Jiajun to join the "4: 30 Class" and "Holiday Carnival" in the community civic school, giving him the opportunity to communicate and play with more children of the same age.

　　"So many good people have made our family see hope." Li Zhonggang said that 24 teachers relay to teach, which not only allows them to earn money to support their families with peace of mind, but also makes them full of confidence in their son’s future.

　　Taiwan Province Network, China, Shenzhen, December 5 (Reporter Qi Xin, Chen Wentao) "The First Cross-Strait Student Baseball League Finals" ended in Shenzhen on the 3rd of this month. There were five champions in College A, College B, Young Badminton, Young Badminton and Little Badminton, and the best of each event was also produced on the same day.

　　This competition is not only the largest single sports exchange event between the two sides of the strait so far, but also an important activity to commemorate the 30th anniversary of cross-strait exchanges. From the preliminaries, semi-finals to the finals, it attracted more than 200 baseball teams from all sides of the strait.

　　The team from north china university of technology (hereinafter referred to as "North University of Technology") and the team from Shih Hsin University met in the final of Group A, the highest university in the group, and presented a wonderful game for the audience. After more than two hours of fierce fighting, North University of Technology made a modest upset, beating Shixin University, which was strong and determined to win the championship, with a total score of 2:0.

　　"Victory has nothing to do with me."

Jiang Zhonghao, Taiwan Province coach of north china university of technology team, was interviewed by reporters after the game. (Photo by Chen Wenzhao, China Taiwan Province Network)

　　After the game, when talking about the game, north china university of technology coach Jiang Zhonghao said modestly that the victory had nothing to do with himself, but was won by the players through hard work. But in fact, the team has improved step by step for so many years, thanks to Jiang Zhonghao, who gave up his job in Taiwan Province Professional Baseball League four years ago and came to coach the mainland university team.

　　In 2014, Jiang Zhonghao, who was over 50 years old, decided to visit the mainland. At first, his goal was very simple, that is, to pass on what he had done since he was a child. Fortunately, eight special baseball students who came to North University of Technology with him in the same year achieved even greater goals with him. If it is a coincidence that Jiang Zhonghao chose to come to the mainland, then it is such a "karma meeting" that can outline the realistic picture of cross-strait exchanges from scratch, from less to more, from indirect to direct, from one-way to two-way, all-round and multi-field exchanges in the past 30 years.

　　"The competition makes us friends, and the champion makes us brothers."

Taiwan Province players Lai Guancheng (left) and Lian Tingwei (right) both played well in the competition. (Photo by Chen Wenzhao, China Taiwan Province Network)

　　Liao Guancheng from Kaohsiung and Lian Tingwei from Taipei came to North University of Technology with six other players in 2013. Because they have to practice and study at the same time, their academic system is one year longer than that of other undergraduates, but they think every year here is a valuable experience.

　　"In fact, before the start of the whole finals, we were confident to enter the finals as the first in the mainland, and we also knew that Shixin University was probably our opponent in the finals. But in the first round, we lost with a score of 6:7, which put a lot of pressure on us before the final. To be honest, before the game, we thought we had only four points to win. " Liao Guancheng told reporters: "In the end, defeating the opponent who lost to us gave us a feeling of revenge. The reason for our success is unity."

　　The unity in his mouth is based on the good relationship between mainland players and Taiwan Province players. In this champion team, eight senior Taiwan Province players have played a mainstay role, while most other mainland players are "rookies" in freshmen and sophomores. However, the dinner exchange after each training session has established a brotherly relationship between them. "We have given our baseball skills and understanding of the sport, and we are also learning from our schoolmates and understanding the culture of the mainland."

　　Wang Haoya, a batsman from North China University of Technology, is also from Taiwan Province, and he is one of the best players in this game, which was hand-picked by coach Jiang. He said: "It feels particularly good that brothers on both sides of the strait are working hard for the same goal. After each game, everyone gets together to review how today’s game is and discuss what to do in tomorrow’s game. During the discussion, everyone can make outspoken suggestions. This is what real brothers do. Baseball makes us know each other, games make us friends, and champions make us brothers. "

During the competition, the players of North University of Technology often get together to cheer each other up. (Photo by Chen Wenzhao, China Taiwan Province Network)

　　Lai Guanzhang of Shixin University sat alone on the bench after the game and looked at the opponent who celebrated on the field. I can see that he is the most unwilling one on the team. "Congratulations to the North University of Technology for winning the championship. They have this strength. But our goal is also the champion. The contest between opponents in the same level depends on improvisation and the ability to grasp opportunities. We didn’t play our due level at the critical moment, so the victory was taken away by the other side. It’s a pity, but we will definitely come back for the championship next year. "

　　这是海峡两岸学生棒球联赛的第一届，根据组委会的规定，北方工大可以保留冠军奖杯直到明年新的冠军产生，但如果可以连得三届冠军的话，就可以拿到冠军奖杯的复制品永久保存。也是因为这样的规定，北方工大的教练和球员都对明年的比赛充满了期待。

　　还有一年就要毕业的王浩亚说：“来学校这么久了，一直都想为学校留下些荣誉。可惜自己打完第二届就要退役了，希望明年再拼一年的同时，能够将带领大陆的学弟们继续提升，为第三年的比赛打好基础。”

　　江仲豪教练说：“大陆球员和台湾球员一起为北方工大捧回了这座冠军奖杯，我们明年、后年还要全力争胜，让这座奖杯永久的留在北方工大，作为我们两岸同学团结一心的见证。台湾的几个队员再过一年就要退役了，但我还会一直留在大陆执教，为提高这里的棒球水平，也为棒球运动在大陆的推广尽一份力。”

　　"We both have more than a year to graduate, which is a bit sad to say, but we are playing every game as the last one." Lai Guancheng and Lian Tingwei were a little emotional to the reporters interviewed. "Seriously, our biggest gain after these games was the championship, but the most meaningful thing was that I enjoyed the feeling that the whole team was United, which was more meaningful than the championship. We will also cherish every next game more. "

　　Sports is the common wealth of all mankind and an important part of culture. As one of the important forms of economic and cultural exchanges, sports has played and will play a very important role in promoting cross-strait exchanges and cooperation. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of breaking the isolation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and opening non-governmental exchanges, the successful holding of the "First Cross-Strait Student Baseball League" has also created a good start for further exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits in the future.

　　Just as Long Mingbiao, deputy director of the Taiwan Province Affairs Office of the State Council, summed up at the closing ceremony, the north china university of technology team included eight athletes from Taiwan Province and one coach from Taiwan Province. The victory of North University of Technology was the result of cross-strait cooperation, and this champion belongs to students from both sides of the strait.

　　I hope that with this competition as a starting point, students on both sides of the strait can strengthen their ties through the bridge of baseball, come and go frequently, establish a circle of friends across the Taiwan Strait, and find "great" friends. (End)